{"id":4185,"date":"2013-06-01T13:06:02","date_gmt":"2013-06-01T20:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/?p=4185"},"modified":"2013-08-09T10:10:30","modified_gmt":"2013-08-09T17:10:30","slug":"thao-luan-cua-nhom-sang-tao-nhan-vat-trong-tieu-thuyet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/?p=4185","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o: Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

(L\u1eddi BBT): Nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a<\/b> v\u00e0 xoay quan<\/b>h t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o: Mai Th\u1ea3o (ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp) v\u00e0: Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, Duy Thanh, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf, Th\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n, T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/i>
\nS\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng<\/i>, s\u1ed1 1 ra th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1956 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 31 ra th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1959 th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n. Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1960, S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u00f4m nay<\/i> ra m\u1eaft s\u1ed1 1, Mai Th\u1ea3o ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m, ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00f3 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 7 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1961 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 38 s\u1ed1 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u201cb\u1ed9 c\u0169\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 m\u1edbi\u201d.\u00a0 \u1ede \u201cb\u1ed9 c\u0169\u201d (31 s\u1ed1), tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; b\u00eca hai m\u00e0u (m\u00e0u b\u00eca thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1), 56 trang ru\u1ed9t, b\u1ed1n trang b\u00eca c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 18 th\u00ec t\u0103ng 80 trang, c\u00e1c giai ph\u1ea9m (s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t) th\u00ec s\u1ed1 trang t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7; c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: Bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o; S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c; Th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do; V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; Qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7… \u1ede \u2018b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi\u201d (7 s\u1ed1), s\u1ed1 trang t\u0103ng l\u00ean 112, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef, \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 c\u0169 v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nS\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u1ec1n Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955 -1960. Trong th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 qui t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong sinh ho\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1ed1n \u0111ang th\u0103ng hoa nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00fa h\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed- x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (di c\u01b0, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y…) Trong v\u00e0 sau S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n canh t\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t. <\/span>
\nM\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o \u201cb\u1ed9 m\u1edbi\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u00f4m nay ?<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra trong b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn: Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft (s\u1ed1 1, tr.5-tr.18); N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd (s\u1ed1 2, tr.1-tr.17); Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda (s\u1ed1 3, tr.1-tr.21); Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (s\u1ed1 4, tr.1-tr.16). C\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch B\u1ed1n cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i>, l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf, trong T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u00dd Th\u1ee9c, nxb S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, Saigon 1965. M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u01a1i ra\/th\u00eam nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\/nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201c\u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf). \u0110\u00edch ng\u1eafm cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u00fang trong s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/span>
\nCu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft<\/i> c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a 8 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n do Mai Th\u1ea3o ghi. Trong c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\/\u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u1edf cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u00edt c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ba cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn sau. \u00cdt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m\/ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn di s\u1ea3n v\u1eeba qua s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh canh t\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho\/trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh vi\u1ebft\/s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o.<\/span>
\n(M.A.T)<\/span><\/i><\/b>
\nNh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft<\/b> <\/span>
\n(Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, Duy Thanh, Mai Th\u1ea3o, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p, T\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean, Th\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n)<\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft<\/i>\u201d trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/i>\u201d. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1eddi t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u0111\u00f3 \u201cngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/i>\u201d. S\u1ef1 l\u1edbn lao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 bi th\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i. <\/span>
\nTrong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1n h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n: c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, c\u1ee7a phi th\u1eddi gian. M\u00e0 trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u2013 theo t\u00f4i \u2013 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 xung quanh, qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, th\u1eddi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u2013 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd – c\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn lao cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, hay h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u1edf ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. \u1ede t\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong c\u00e1i \u201c\u00e1m \u1ea3nh\u201d kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. <\/span>
\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: Ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o? Trong m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft? Ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ra sao? Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00f3ng l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thu h\u1eb9p hay l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, hay l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1?<\/span>
\nNh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d. Quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: Ngay \u1edf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, hay \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft? V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ra sao v.v. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i m\u1edbi\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi. Theo t\u00f4i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nh\u0169n nh\u1eb7n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u tham v\u1ecdng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngay th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Justine<\/i> [1] ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. <\/span>
\nDuy Thanh:<\/b> Khi vi\u1ebft t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ebft d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ra theo. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> T\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc Justine<\/i>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Durrell. Trong v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i l\u1eafm, v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn. G\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0169ng mang trong n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4i. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> T\u00f4i c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1m ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u1eady. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u1eafm v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng khi v\u1ebd, qua ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ho\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1eddi x\u01b0a d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n: th\u00f4ng minh, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Trong m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh. Ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Freud ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng khai tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u00ed m\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat. Theo \u00fd t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v.v. M\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Freud v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia l\u1eb7n s\u00e2u th\u00eam xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i th\u00eam: tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, xin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Galil\u00e9e ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1t ra c\u00e2u b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7: E pur si muove, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng quay tr\u00f2n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i. Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Freud (hay tr\u01b0\u1edbc Dostoievsky?) v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Freud l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ch\u00fang ta mi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n hoang d\u00e3, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea9n n\u00fap, tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i \u1ea5y th\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi t\u00ecm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e1 trang, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia ng\u00e0y nay \u0111i s\u00e2u m\u00e3i v\u00e0o m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t hoang d\u00e3 \u1ea5y, l\u00eca b\u1ecf m\u1ef1c l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m linh, l\u00eca b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng lieux communs<\/i> [2] th\u00e0nh th\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng<\/i> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau, v\u1eabn mang b\u00ean trong n\u1ed7i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ngu\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi th\u00f4i. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i theo x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn sau v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 c\u0169\u2026, m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y, l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft d\u00e0i. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n \u00edt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft d\u00e0i. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. T\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/span><\/b> \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u00ednh khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Qua nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean c\u00f2n m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, \u1ea5u tr\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i chung. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai d\u00f2ng: M\u1ed9t, c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh. Hai, m\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> (c\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/i> V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 b\u1ecb tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n? <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/span><\/b> \u0110\u00fang. Xin khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam cho r\u00f5 \u00fd. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u0169 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh: 1) Trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; 2) Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0; Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu qua nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1eefa, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi hay c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1eefa. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng do n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quan hay kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ta n\u00ean di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 theo ch\u1ee7 quan ta hay c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan? <\/span>
\nDuy Thanh:<\/b> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00edch l\u00f4, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u201cn\u1eb1m\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00edch l\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 h\u1eafn. Cho kh\u1ecfi h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt g\u1ea7n g\u1ee5i, quen bi\u1ebft trong gi\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t, \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, hai, \u1edf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n B\u1ebfp l\u1eeda<\/i> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, khi vi\u1ebft \u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Rimbaud, sau l\u1ea1i xo\u00e1 \u0111i v\u00ec th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft: je est un autre<\/i> [3]. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u trong \u1ea5y t\u00f4i cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ea3 t\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> Vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0ng t\u00f4i trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, en fonction du moi, c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> Trong h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1, nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a Modigliani ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i m\u1eabu l\u00e0 ai, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i: \u201d\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Modi.\u201d <\/span>
\nDo\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9:<\/b> Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed theo t\u00f4i c\u0169ng do nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang, th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Phim Au risque de se perdre<\/i> [4] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng: Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1i h\u1ee7i, nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u00ean, tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho cu\u1ed1n phim v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. <\/span>
\nDuy Thanh:<\/span><\/b> Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i n\u00e0y: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1eabn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. H\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u1edf ri\u00eang c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec3m quan y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u00e0 do ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y. C\u00e1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft.<\/i><\/p>\n

Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Les racines du ciel<\/i> [5] cho ta m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt phi l\u00fd ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u00fd trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 trong lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i l\u1eabn ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Qua bao nhi\u00eau bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00e9t chung, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Michel Butor \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/span><\/b> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9. Gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n tinh tu\u00fd (essence). <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb3n hoi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1ng bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Khi v\u1ebd t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 anh Th\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt d\u00f9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau \u1ea5y, c\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t \u00e1m \u1ea3nh trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra. \u1ede truy\u1ec7n Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u1ec1u mang c\u00e1i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i b\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1edbn bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e1m \u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh, duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Malraux, c\u1ee7a Dostoievsky \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Malraux, c\u1ee7a Dostoievsky. M\u1ed1i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hay n\u1eefa. Nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ea5y \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. <\/span>
\nDo\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9:<\/b> T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1ebf. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ebft hay t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft x\u01b0a kia v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft x\u01b0a kia ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng e d\u00e8 g\u00ec h\u1ebft. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ri\u00eang \u2013 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e1n cho ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t phi l\u00fd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft x\u01b0a m\u1edbi phi l\u00fd, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111am m\u00ea n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (passion). M\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn phi l\u00fd. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1, \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111am m\u00ea. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc g\u00e1n cho ch\u00fang l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd v\u00ec s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 \u1edf ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng, h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: La Chute<\/i> [6] c\u1ee7a Camus. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, b\u1ecf giai c\u1ea5p n\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng giai c\u1ea5p \u0111ang tan r\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xao xuy\u1ebfn lung lay, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u1ed9 ra d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/span><\/b> C\u00e1i k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi th\u00e2n quen v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1edbn ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi, m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. Malraux t\u00ecm \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n: <\/b>Tuy m\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m m\u00e0 theo \u00fd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> Tr\u1eeb v\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n l\u1eafm v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. “Thi\u1ebfu qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng”, “Chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1eaft cua\u201d r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd cho n\u00ean kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Tu\u00e2n (nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh, Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng). <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Tu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay n\u1eefa. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 dandy<\/i> [7] c\u1ee7a Baudelaire, g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt k\u00eanh ki\u1ec7u l\u00e0m d\u00e1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebb ra ch\u00fang. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/span><\/b> Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Theo t\u00f4i, \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d. Chi\u1ebfn tranh can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 c\u00f3. V\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn tranh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Tuy v\u1eady c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, g\u1ea5p r\u00fat h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean coi chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn c\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb \u00c2u T\u00e2y l\u1ea7m v\u00ec coi chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n h\u1eb3n v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau nhau, k\u1ebb b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb hi\u1ebfp, v\u1eady chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chi ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Tu\u1ef3 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1eebng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u1ea5y. Truy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tin ch\u00f3 ch\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/b> Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tu\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi. C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> \u0110\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, t\u1ea1m m\u1edf m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c cho ri\u00eang ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Duy Thanh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. Ch\u00fang mang c\u00e1i m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u0169 b\u00e3o tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng \u00f4n ho\u00e0, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Mai Th\u1ea3o tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 vui \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng trong truy\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00f3. <\/span>
\nTr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p:<\/span><\/b> Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n \u0111em c\u00e1i trong tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i trong tr\u1eafng \u1ea5y. \u1ede Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201cmaturit\u00e9\u201d, tr\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a anh T\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00f3 l\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tha thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 khoan dung. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t chung th\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a anh T\u1ebf c\u00f2n ph\u00f4i thai, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft c\u00f2n \u00edt qu\u00e1.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m b\u00ed \u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn l\u1ea5m b\u1ea9n. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Mai Th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba b\u1ecb c\u01a1n \u1ed1m ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u1edd x\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tin vui v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u1eafm).<\/p>\n

Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ta s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p \u00edt \u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn qu\u00e1 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ta nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady. N\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n suy di\u1ec5n t\u00e2m linh cho n\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1.<\/span>
\n\u00a0Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ta nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i. <\/span>
\nNguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf:<\/b> N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i hai ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft: 1) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m t\u00ednh, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh. 2) lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e3i b\u00e0y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. \u1ede lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eadn gh\u00e9t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u2013 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi th\u00ec x\u01b0a kia chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1edbi, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u01b0a \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd. T\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch stylis\u00e9 (ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ho\u00e1). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00e9cu). <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/span><\/b> Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf:<\/b> \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. M\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef danh t\u1eeb th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0nh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chung cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai. B\u1edfi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. V\u1eady t\u00f4i x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a totalibertisme [8].<\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 danh t\u1eeb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ecdc xong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xong ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda linh h\u1ed3n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh khi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda linh h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00ecn ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi b\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai. <\/span>
\nDo\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9:<\/b> V\u1ec1 c\u00e2u anh Th\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00edt chi ti\u1ebft, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt thu\u1ef7 m\u1eb7c \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f4ng Chu Li\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n trang c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ghi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Dostoievsky ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1ea3 c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c xung quanh ra sao, y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1edb th\u1ecbt m\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao khi n\u00f3i, khi c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201cthu\u1ef7 m\u1eb7c\u201d l\u1eafm. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean dung ho\u00e0: \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 s\u01a1 s\u00e0i thu\u1ef7 m\u1eb7c, c\u00f2n ghi qu\u00e1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 chi ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eeba. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> T\u00f4i ao \u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201cvivent philosophiquement mais ne philosophent pas\u201d[9]. T\u00f4i quan ni\u1ec7m chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang l\u00e0 apports [9] c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3. Chi ti\u1ebft soi s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u1ea5y chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, che khu\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, l\u00e0m m\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00f4 \u00edch. B\u1edfi v\u1eady t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Balzac, Zola d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u1edf hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft m\u1edbi l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a che khu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 Faulkner, Passos. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eeba. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u1ed1t chuy\u1ec7n. <\/span>
\nDo\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9:<\/b> T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng tr\u00e0n b\u1edd nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. T\u00f4i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn h\u01a1i ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u khi n\u00ean d\u1ef1ng xong nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y t\u00ecm \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u1eddi con. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1ng theo nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng b\u1ec1n bao nhi\u00eau, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/span><\/b> \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Wilde: La nature imite l\u2019art<\/i> [10]. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf:<\/b> C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u00e1o khoa: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m V\u0169 Kh\u1eafc Khoan h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1940, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa n\u1eefa? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: 1) \u0110\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tinh l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt; 2) \u0110\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi t\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t n\u1eefa v\u00ec: 1) T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i; 2) T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3; C\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi t\u00ednh b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n \u00e1t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. T\u1ed1 T\u00e2m<\/i>, Tuy\u1ebft H\u1ed3ng l\u1ec7 s\u1eed<\/i> khi m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i ch\u00ecm \u0111i v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb T\u1ed1 T\u00e2m <\/i>v\u00e0 Tuy\u1ebft H\u1ed3ng l\u1ec7 s\u1eed<\/i> thua h\u1eb3n Ki\u1ec1u <\/i>\u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y si\u00eau h\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nga v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n Du m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Dostoievsky v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1u v\u1eabn khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong ta. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/i> v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n ch\u01b0a s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb: Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch tr\u01b0ng ra trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f3 v\u00e0o, nghe \u0111\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb3n n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch n\u00eau ra \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u1ebft th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ch\u00fang. S\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb trong t\u1eebng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc m\u1ecdi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: x\u01b0a nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i sa \u0111o\u1ea1 tru\u1ef5 l\u1ea1c. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng r\u1ed7ng h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u00e1n. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1i n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ee7 l\u1ee3i d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 che \u0111\u1eady nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1n l\u00ean \u00e1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y nay. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Xin soi s\u00e1ng \u00fd n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a anh T\u1ebf, l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c tu\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i im l\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 th\u00e2u g\u00f3p h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf trong m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u1ea5m \u1ee9c m\u00e0 sa \u0111o\u1ea1 trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ebf t\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00f4 \u00edch nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1eafn. <\/span>
\nNguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf:<\/b> T\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1i tha, m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u00f3, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi noi theo kh\u00f4ng? <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Anh T\u1ebf n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu t\u00ednh. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i khi vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. N\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n may r\u1ee7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Sartre. <\/span>
\nDo\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9:<\/b> Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3t xa v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1eefng h\u1edd v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Th\u1eed quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y? <\/span>
\nDuy Thanh:<\/span><\/b> Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u1eafn t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, theo m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ri\u00eang. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i do t\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft.
\n<\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 – ch\u00fang ta coi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a l\u1ea5y cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. L\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eafn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1eafn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Plisnier th\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu gi\u1eefa h\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 mang s\u1eb5n trong n\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/span><\/b> \u1ede nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1eddi nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1ed5n tho\u1ea3 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u01a1.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> D\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed\u201d. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/b> Ri\u00eang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. B\u1edfi v\u1eady nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con qu\u1ef7 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u2013 nh\u1eefng con qu\u1ef7 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u1ec1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u2013 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecdc, trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1edb m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac t\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u00f4n ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9. <\/span>
\nTh\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n:<\/b> Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. <\/span>
\nT\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean:<\/b> T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc xong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lay chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. B\u1edfi v\u1eady t\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Duy Thanh, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Mai Th\u1ea3o, Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i c\u00f3 bi quan c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i vinh d\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn (hay tham d\u1ef1) cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. N\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. <\/span>
\nDuy Thanh:<\/b> T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 phi\u00eau l\u01b0u b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. C\u0169ng phi\u00eau l\u01b0u nh\u01b0 khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u00fac vi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 do s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u00ecnh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ghi l\u1ea1i. <\/span>
\nThanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n:<\/span><\/b> M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1eddi nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u00e8m th\u00eam s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, n\u00f3i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1eadp m\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng hay hy v\u1ecdng: nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i lo\u00e0 n\u00ean t\u1ed1i m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng hay b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y n\u00ean s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: T\u00f4i chia ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0m hai d\u00f2ng: m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Tolstoi v\u00e0 Dickens, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 Dostoievsky. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt y\u00ean \u1ed5n d\u00f9 c\u00f3 qua bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn thu x\u1ebfp xong v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 hai k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho t\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd – t\u00f4i t\u00f4n Dostoievsky l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t \u0111i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt qu\u1ef7 qu\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 d\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn quay m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn t\u1edbi. <\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nNguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf:<\/span><\/b> Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng suy ng\u1eabm s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 \u00edt ai cho l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch si\u00eau h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kia, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ra sao, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7<\/i>. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do<\/i> (litt\u00e9rature consciente et libre).<\/p>\n

(1960)<\/strong><\/span>
\n—<\/span>———————————————————————
\nV\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb B\u1ed1n cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/i>, http:\/\/<\/span>www.talawas.org<\/span><\/a>, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ng\u00e0y 23\/1\/2007. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a M.A.T<\/span>
\n\u00a0[1]: Justine (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1957): Cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1n The Alexandria Quartet\u00a0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh g\u1ed1c \u1ea4n Lawrence George Durrell (1912-1990). Ba cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp sau l\u00e0: Balthazar [1958], Mountolive [1959] v\u00e0 Clea [1960]<\/span>
\n[2]: lieux communs: Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/span>
\n[3]: Je est un autre: T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c (Rimbaud)<\/span>
\n[4]: Au risque de se perdre: Chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eef tu<\/i> (1959), phim c\u1ee7a Fred Zinnemann, c\u00f3 n\u1eef minh tinh Audrey Hepburn th\u1ee7 vai ch\u00ednh.<\/span>
\n[5]: Les racines du ciel: C\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi<\/i>, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Goncourt n\u0103m 1956 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p Romain Gary (1914-1980)<\/span>
\n[6]: La Chute: Sa \u0111\u1ecda<\/i> – Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p Albert Camus (1913-1960)<\/span>
\n\u00a0[7] dandy: c\u00f4ng t\u1eed b\u1ed9t<\/span>
\n[8]: totalibertisme: T\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>
\n[9]: vivent philosophiquement mais ne philosophent pas (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch): s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n\/tri\u1ebft lu\u1eadn; – apports: v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p<\/span>
\n[10]: la nature imite l\u2019art: t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc\/m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (Oscar Wilde) \u2013 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Aristotle.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(L\u1eddi BBT): Nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 xoay quanh t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o: Mai Th\u1ea3o (ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp) v\u00e0: Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, Duy Thanh, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf, Th\u00e1i … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[63],"class_list":["post-4185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tran-thanh-hiep","tag-hoang-lan-chi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1DQbJ-15v","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4185"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4185\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}