{"id":783,"date":"2011-07-26T01:20:23","date_gmt":"2011-07-26T01:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/?p=783"},"modified":"2016-09-18T18:47:10","modified_gmt":"2016-09-18T08:47:10","slug":"ph%e1%bb%a5-n%e1%bb%af-vi%e1%bb%87t-nam-va-v%e1%ba%a5n-d%e1%bb%81-giao-d%e1%bb%a5c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/?p=783","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Nhung-Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam V\u00e0 V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Xin ghi r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n ( tr\u00edch t\u1eeb blog Ho\u00e0ng Lan Chi ) <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G.S. Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Nhung<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ed1n coi tr\u1ecdng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh x\u01b0a th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, che ch\u1edf m\u01b0a n\u1eafng cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh ; c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t nh\u00e0, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t, si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7m ra r\u1eb1ng \u201c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea5y n\u00ean x\u01b0a nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\nH\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u01b0a xem ra sao, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

A. V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C PH\u1ee4 N\u1eee THEO QUAN NI\u1ec6M X\u01afA<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

1. HO\u00c0N C\u1ea2NH X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/strong>
\nQua s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, gi\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c s\u1eafc d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t, l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Hoa Nam (K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda nam l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed, xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ng\u00e0y nay) , s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eabu h\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta sinh ra ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201ccon d\u1ea1i c\u00e1i mang\u201d l\u00e0 v\u1eady). Sau r\u1ed3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1edf mang, v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7.
\nGi\u1ed1ng B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Hoa Nam sau h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m b\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i di c\u01b0 xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n nam, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a. Ri\u00eang d\u00e2n L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u1edd tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1eadt kh\u1edfi cao \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng , r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi V\u0103n Lang, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, do c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec.
\nNgay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng (3000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C.N.), d\u00e2n L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng thu\u1ea7n h\u1eadu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch nh\u01b0 B\u00e1nh d\u1ea7y b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng, Tr\u1ea7u cau \u2026
\nCho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc C.N. d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta m\u1edbi b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc, theo l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o lu\u00e2n l\u00fd Nho gia.
\nTh\u1ef1c ra , t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng H\u00e1n Nho v\u00e0o x\u1ee9 ta r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, v\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u0103ng n\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, t\u1ea9y chay. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ra \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o x\u1ee9 ta mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n ( Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u00e2u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u C.N \u2013 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba t\u1eeb Trung Hoa tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV), nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ; l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb bi , \u0111\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfu sinh \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c, t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t , \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u00e2m m\u1ed9. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o.
\nCh\u1ec9 t\u1eeb khi vua L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng cho l\u1eadp V\u0103n mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd Chu C\u00f4ng, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n (1070), Nho gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf x\u1ee9 ta ; r\u1ed3i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00e0o x\u00e2y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m (1070), n\u00e0o khai s\u00e1ng Nho khoa (1075), n\u00e0o khuy\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng v.v\u2026 Tuy v\u1eady c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n (t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX) ,c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Nho gi\u00e1o theo l\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngai v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn, Nho gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.
\nTheo Kh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh, hai b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh Nho trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, h\u00f2a kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng. Lu\u00e2n<\/em> ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ng\u0169 lu\u00e2n g\u1ed3m 5 \u0111\u1ea1o: \u201cvua t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201ccha con\u201d, \u201cv\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u201d, \u201canh em\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea1n b\u00e8\u201d ; m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau sao cho ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 \u201cvua s\u00e1ng, t\u00f4i trung\u201d, \u201ccha t\u1eeb, con hi\u1ebfu\u201d, “ch\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a, v\u1ee3 thu\u1eadn”, “anh nh\u01b0\u1eddng,em k\u00ednh”, “b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00edn ngh\u0129a”. Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng :\u2019\u2019 nh\u00e2n\u2019\u2019,\u2019\u2019 ngh\u0129a\u2019\u2019,\u2019\u2019 l\u1ec5 \u2018\u2019, \u2018\u2019tr\u00ed \u2018\u2019, \u2018\u2019t\u00edn \u2018\u2019 , l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tu th\u00e2n h\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o \u201cphu x\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y\u201d; ph\u1ea3i trau d\u1ed3i t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c \u201cc\u00f4ng, dung, ng\u00f4n, h\u1ea1nh\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\n\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3, Nho gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ecb c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ngai v\u00e0ng\u00a0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1 cao th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n, t\u00f4n vua l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u201cthi\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d (con tr\u1eddi) n\u00ean c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ; v\u00e0 b\u1ea7y ra thuy\u1ebft tam c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cqu\u00e2n vi th\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u201cph\u1ee5 vi t\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u201cphu vi th\u00ea c\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ebb\u00a0 d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean. Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1ea1o tam t\u00f2ng: \u201cT\u1ea1i gia t\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5, xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 t\u00f2ng phu, phu t\u1eed t\u00f2ng t\u1eed\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y Nho gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ; trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, r\u1ebb khinh.
\nNh\u00e0 L\u00ea, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n tuy l\u1ea5y Nho gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Trung Hoa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng coi tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.
\nNh\u01b0 :\u00a0 B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Tri\u1ec1u H\u00ecnh Lu\u1eadt, b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi H\u1eadu L\u00ea ,c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c (1428-1788), \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chia ch\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u1ee3 hay ch\u1ed3ng) n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf di s\u1ea3n do cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n*.
\nB\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Gia Long c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Tri\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 (1915) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh*.
\nD\u1eabu th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn x\u01b0a, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n th\u00ea th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb cha m\u1eb9 \u00e9p duy\u00ean, c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00faa v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i, c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i cho ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 b\u00e9, c\u1ea3nh v\u1ee3 l\u1ebd n\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u v.v\u2026 L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng c\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cnam t\u00f4n, n\u1eef ti\u2019\u2019, v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n nan h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1eafp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch . H\u1ecd d\u00f9 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111i thi, \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t ra l\u00e0m quan, ph\u00f2 vua gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc; m\u00e0 su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea9n quanh trong v\u00f2ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ; t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh n\u1eef c\u00f4ng n\u1eef h\u1ea1nh, c\u1ed1t sao chu to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m con hi\u1ebfu, d\u00e2u th\u1ea3o, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea3m, m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i .<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C PH\u1ee4 N\u1eee TH\u1edcI X\u01afA<\/strong>
\n2.1 TR\u00c1CH V\u1ee4 NG\u01af\u1edcI M\u1eb8<\/strong>
\nS\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, phong t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: \u201cnam ngo\u1ea1i, n\u1eef n\u1ed9i\u201d.
\n\u0110\u00fang ra, b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, coi nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c;
\nGi\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh m\u1eb9 ru con ng\u1ee7<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u0103ng Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5p \u1ee7 n\u0103m canh<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebft tr\u1eddi thu l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh lanh<\/h4>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ecf c\u00e2y kh\u00f3c h\u1ea1, hoa c\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ed5ng b\u1ed3ng b\u00f4ng, b\u1ed5ng b\u1ed3ng b\u00f4ng \u2026<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00f5ng \u0111\u00e0o m\u1eb9 b\u1ebf con\u00a0 R\u1ed3ng, ch\u00e1u\u00a0 Ti\u00ean.<\/em>
\n2.2 QU\u00c1 TR\u00ccNH GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C CON TR\u1eba<\/strong>
\nK\u1ef3 thai nhi<\/strong>
\nV\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean khi v\u1eeba ho\u00e0i thai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft lo gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thai nhi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cthai gi\u00e1o\u201d, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hai m\u1eb9 con, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, tr\u00ed \u00f3c con th\u01a1:
\nKhi thai s\u1ea3n trong v\u00f2ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n hu\u1ea5n t\u1eed trong thai.*<\/em>
\nT\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khi \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 cay chua, tanh t\u01b0\u1edfi:
\n\u0110\u1eebng \u0103n \u0111\u1ed3 cay, \u0111\u1eafng , tanh ri\u00eau<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1eebng \u0103n \u00edt, ch\u1edb \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nu\u00f4i t\u1eeb trong d\u1ea1 kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u lo xa.*<\/em>
\nL\u00fac n\u00f3i n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a l\u1eddi, tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c ; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i tai nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng d\u00e2m \u00f4 :
\nD\u00e2m thanh ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o tai<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c1c ng\u00f4n ch\u1edb ch\u00fat b\u1ee3n l\u1eddi sam s\u01b0a.*<\/em>
\nKhi ra v\u00e0o, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed3i, nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i cho ngay ng\u1eafn, nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, \u0111oan ch\u00ednh:
\nT\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp, kh\u1edfi c\u01b0, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 l\u1ec5 nghi nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111oan trinh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i quang minh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cho b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf, ch\u1edb ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u00ecnh.*<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( *Gia Hu\u1ea5n Ca cu\u1ea3 L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c )<\/em>
\nThu\u1edf s\u01a1 sinh (1-2 tu\u1ed5i)<\/em><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ebfn khi con tr\u1ebb ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t li\u1ec1n x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ca dao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb bao \u0111\u1eddi. D\u1eabu tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a l\u00fd g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0a h\u01a1i nh\u01b0 \u201c\u1ea1 \u01a1i \u01a1i, \u1ea1 \u1eddi \u1eddi…\u2019\u2019 (ngo\u00e0i b\u1eafc) hay \u201c\u00e0 \u00e0 \u01a1i \u01a1i, \u00e0 \u00e0 \u01a1i i i..\u201d (mi\u1ec1n trung), ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u1ea7u \u01a1 \u1edb \u01a1, v\u00ed d\u1ea7u\u2026\u201d (mi\u1ec1n nam), \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra khi l\u00ean b\u1ed5ng l\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m, khi d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng khoan thai, khi thi\u1ebft tha tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9\u00a0; v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung, \u0111\u00f4i tai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c thi ca c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c , h\u1ed3n qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c con tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.
\nTu\u1ed5i \u1ea5u th\u01a1 (3-5 tu\u1ed5i)<\/em><\/strong>
\nKhi tr\u1ebb g\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp \u0103n, t\u1eadp n\u00f3i, t\u1eadp ch\u01a1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd h\u00e1t ru nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca dao, gia hu\u1ea5n ca hay lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef , ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n , g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m bi\u1ebft bao \u0111i\u1ec1u hay l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, c\u1ed1t t\u1ea1o cho con nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.
\nTh\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu (6-12 tu\u1ed5i)<\/em><\/strong>
\nR\u1ed3i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, con g\u00e1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n:
\nMi\u1ec7ng ru m\u1eaft nh\u1ecf hai h\u00e0ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nu\u00f4i con c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1eb9 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam lo.<\/em>
\nSao th\u1ebf? V\u00ec t\u1eeb nay ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd b\u1ea3o ban con t\u1eebng li t\u1eeb l\u00ed, t\u1eeb ph\u00e9p \u0103n n\u00f3i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed3i:
\nD\u1ea1y \u0103n, d\u1ea1y n\u00f3i, d\u1ea1y c\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea1y \u0111i thong th\u1ea3, d\u1ea1y ng\u1ed3i n\u1ebft na.<\/em>
\nN\u00f3i chung , m\u1ecdi c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con tr\u1ebb, nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn , \u0111i v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\nTu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec (13-17 tu\u1ed5i)<\/em><\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u00e0i tr\u00e2m), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 13 \u0111\u1ebfn 17 tu\u1ed5i, con g\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9 cho t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh n\u1eef c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ee5 x\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng dung ng\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 con nh\u00e0 gia gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau v\u00ec k\u00ednh n\u1ec3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u00e0ng trai t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c, con nh\u00e0 gia th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, g\u1ea5m gh\u00e9 k\u1ebft m\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0:
\n. Ph\u1eadn con l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn n\u1eef nhi,<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cho tr\u00f2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c k\u1ebbo phi ti\u1ebfng nh\u00e0.*<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 . Ph\u1eadn g\u00e1i t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eb9n tuy\u1ec1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f4ng dung ng\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh gi\u1eef g\u00ecn d\u00e1m sai.<\/em>
\n\u00a0<\/em>
\nV\u1eady t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0 c\u00f4ng,dung,ng\u00f4n,h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

2.3 C\u00d4NG \u2013 DUNG – NG\u00d4N – H\u1ea0NH<\/strong>
\nSinh ra l\u00e0m th\u00e2n con g\u00e1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i lo trau d\u1ed3i t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c : C\u00f4ng-Dung-Ng\u00f4n-H\u1ea1nh . T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u00a0 th\u00ec sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi mong chu to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u1ec1 gia n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7y c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con g\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m sao l\u00e3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o.
\n2.3.1 C\u00f4ng<\/strong>
\nC\u00f4ng<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n tay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o nh\u01b0 th\u00eau th\u00f9a ,v\u00e1 may, canh c\u1eedi:
\nCon \u01a1i mu\u1ed1n n\u00ean th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u1eafng tai nghe l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 cha.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00e1i th\u00ec gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi v\u00e0o canh c\u1eedi, khi ra th\u00eau th\u00f9a.<\/em>
\nNh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i cho th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng cho ngon l\u00e0nh ; c\u1ed7 b\u00e0n b\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i\u00a0 cho tinh t\u1ebf , may v\u00e1 cho\u00a0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o :
\n\u0110\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c n\u1ea5u cho v\u1eeba<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1i d\u01b0a ngon l\u00e0nh.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngh\u1ec1 b\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u thanh, v\u1ebb l\u1ecbch<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0169ng h\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n th\u00f3i c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00e1 may gi\u1eef n\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u0169i kim nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u00f4ng.*<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1eef C\u00f4ng<\/em> bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u sinh cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n, tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i \u2026
\nB\u00e1n bu\u00f4n, canh c\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed5i thay<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sanh nhai ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef trong tay m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1.*<\/em>
\nC\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c coi s\u00f3c nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i:
\nVi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa ch\u0103m ch\u0103m ch\u00edu ch\u00edu<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu\u1ed5i b\u00e1n xong ph\u1ea3i v\u1ed9i ra v\u1ec1.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1eeda nh\u00e0 tr\u0103m vi\u1ec7c s\u1edbm khuya<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thu va, thu v\u00e9n m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1 m\u1edbi xong.*<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .\u00a0 C\u00f3 con ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec con<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh giang s\u01a1n nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/em>
\nC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec1 gia n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec1 b\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u201ckhoan \u0103n b\u1edbt ng\u1ee7 , li\u1ec7u b\u00e0i lo toan\u201d:
\nN\u0103m canh th\u00ec ng\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y ba<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hai canh coi s\u00f3c vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0103n.<\/em>
\nVi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean b\u00fat ,v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng thi ph\u00fa, c\u1ea7m k\u1ef3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef c\u00f4ng c\u1ea3.
\nM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nho gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nam t\u00f4n n\u1eef ti, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ngay t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trong nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trau d\u1ed3i c\u1ea7m thi , coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201cn\u1eef c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 x\u1ea3o\u201d, gi\u00fap n\u00e0ng sau n\u00e0y chu to\u00e0n th\u00eam vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh :
\nTh\u1eadp ng\u0169 \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c tr\u1ecdng thi th\u01b0.<\/em>
\n(C\u1ed5 thi Trung Hoa)
\n(M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Thi, Kinh Th\u01b0)<\/em>
\nT\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 ta, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 Nho c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1edfi m\u1edf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n nan h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef theo \u0111\u00f2i b\u00fat nghi\u00ean, kinh s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd:
\nH\u1ec5 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y k\u1ef9 th\u00ec n\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea5n son c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00fat nghi\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0169ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u1ea5y h\u00e1 thi\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0o*<\/em>
\nDo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i xa nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh cho con tr\u1ebb:
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea1y con \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch, thi\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n.<\/em>
\n(Chinh ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e2m, \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m)
\nC\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft bao b\u1eadc n\u1eef l\u01b0u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb L\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong L\u1ec5 Nghi N\u1eef H\u1ecdc S\u0129\u00a0 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng( th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 xv); b\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Chi Lan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Ph\u00f9 Gia N\u1eef H\u1ecdc S\u0129\u00a0 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng( th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 xv); b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Du\u1ec7 , gi\u1ea3 trai \u0111i thi , \u0111\u1eadu th\u1ee7 khoa ( tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean) k\u1ef3 thi \u0110\u00ecnh tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c, sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong L\u1ec5 S\u01b0 , l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi ba tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c, L\u00ea, Tr\u1ecbnh ( th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI-XVII ); b\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1eebng m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh ( Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII) ; b\u00e0\u00a0 Huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Cung Trung Gi\u00e1o T\u1eadp \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n (Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX) v.v\u2026 C\u00e1c b\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o cung , \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c phi t\u1ea7n v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u\u00a0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed9c, n\u1ed9i ph\u1ee7.
\n2.3.2. Dung<\/strong>
\nDung<\/em> ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, s\u1eafc di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a quan ni\u1ec7m \u201cc\u00e1i n\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1t, di\u00eam d\u00faa cho l\u1eafm:
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0102n m\u1eb7c ch\u1edb m\u0129 mi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1t<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1eebng ve vu\u1ed1t ng\u1eafm tr\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t v\u1eeba hai ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 xong<\/h4>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gi\u1ecdt d\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt ng\u1eafn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ra g\u00ec.*<\/em>
\nMi\u1ec5n sao gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0103n m\u1eb7c, \u0111i\u1ec3m trang v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. S\u1eafc di\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn, hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a\u00a0; d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p th\u00ec d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, khoan thai, nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh.
\nM\u1ea5y c\u00e2u ca dao sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi x\u01b0a:
\n. M\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f3c b\u1ecf \u0111u\u00f4i g\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0103n n\u00f3i m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 duy\u00ean.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ba th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1 l\u00fam \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u0103ng nh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1t huy\u1ec1n k\u00e9m thua.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm \u0111eo b\u00f9a<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00e1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng quai tua d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng.<\/em>
\n. Mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hoa ng\u00e2u<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1i kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hoa sen.<\/em>
\nV\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho dung nghi di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb khoan h\u00f2a, nghi\u00eam trang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ee9, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ngh\u00eanh ng\u00e1o, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, thi\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9:
\nCh\u1edb hay ch\u00e9p mi\u1ec7ng, ch\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00eang vai<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1edb khi v\u00e1c m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eang tai<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c gi\u1edf hai ba b\u1ec1.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1edb khi mi\u1ec7ng b\u0129u, m\u00f4i gi\u1ec1<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1edb khi m\u1edf m\u1eb7t, ch\u1edb khi c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1edb khi li\u1ebfc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00f4ng sau<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1edb s\u1ea7m con m\u1eaft, ch\u1edb chau \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e0y.<\/em>
\n(Tr\u00edch N\u1eef T\u1eafc di\u1ec5n n\u00f4m)
\n2.3.3. Ng\u00f4n<\/strong>
\nNg\u00f4n<\/em> l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ta d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu hay kh\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh hay b\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do \u201cl\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i\u201d m\u00e0 ra. N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf con g\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef sao cho:
\n– Gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i nghe d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, trong tr\u1ebbo thanh tao:
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi thanh, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u0169ng thanh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chu\u00f4ng k\u00eau kh\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng k\u00eau.<\/em>
\n– L\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00ec l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh, th\u1ea5u l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n.
\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n , g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t duy\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i. B\u00e0i ca dao M\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i duy\u00ean n\u00e0y:
\nHai th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0103n n\u00f3i m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 duy\u00ean<\/em>
\nV\u00e0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00e1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng em n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam xinh.<\/em>
\nNgo\u00e0i ra , bi\u1ebft \u0103n n\u00f3i kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o th\u00ec \u201cm\u1ed3m mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00e2n tay\u201d, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf \u201cn\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt th\u00ec l\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng nghe theo, chi\u1ec1u theo, hu\u1ed1ng chi:
\nL\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n mua<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Li\u1ec7u l\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng nhau.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00f4i khi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2u xa, c\u1ea3m k\u00edch m\u00e3i m\u00e3i trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:
\n\u0110i\u1ec3u l\u1ee5y v\u01b0\u1eddn thi, th\u1ecf l\u1ee5y v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u00e2m<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng em ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n.<\/em>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef k\u1ef5 nh\u1ea5t l\u1eafm l\u1eddi, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng h\u1ed7n h\u00e0o, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, g\u00e2y g\u1ed5:
\nD\u00f9 vui ch\u1edb c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00f9 gi\u1eadn ch\u1edb c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0nh hanh.*<\/em>
\nPh\u1ea3i nh\u1edb, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea9y t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf v\u1ee3. Ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n n\u00f3i b\u1eady b\u1ea1, m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng:
\nL\u00e0m m\u1eb9 ch\u1edb \u0103n c\u00e0n n\u00f3i r\u1ee1<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1edbi con \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 l\u1eddi.*<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (* GHC, L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c)<\/em>
\nV\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp m\u00ecnh ; ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb t\u00ecnh gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u201cch\u1ed3ng con khinh r\u1ebb, th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh m\u1ec9a mai\u201d.
\n2.3.4. H\u1ea1nh<\/strong>
\nH\u1ea1nh<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ebft na c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m:
\nT\u1ed1t g\u1ed7 h\u01a1n t\u1ed1t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u01a1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ebft c\u00f2n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em>
\nTrong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con g\u00e1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft theo d\u00f5i u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn, d\u1eady d\u1ed7 con tr\u1ebb t\u1eebng li t\u1eebng t\u00ed. C\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi mong con \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0:
\nT\u00ednh hi\u1ec1n h\u1eadu<\/strong>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh \u201cd\u00e2u d\u1eef m\u1ea5t h\u1ecd, ch\u00f3 d\u1eef m\u1ea5t l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng\u201d, n\u00ean khi ch\u1ecdn v\u1ee3 cho con trai th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef hi\u1ec1n h\u1eadu, con nh\u00e0 gia gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec:
\n\u1ede hi\u1ec1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p l\u00e0nh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1eddi d\u00e0nh ph\u00fac cho.*<\/em>
\nNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef hi\u1ec1n th\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u an vui cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, cho t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c, t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ch\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng , qu\u00ed h\u00f3a :
\nH\u1ea1t l\u00faa v\u00e0ng, h\u1ea1t th\u00f3c c\u0169ng v\u00e0ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anh y\u00eau em, b\u00e1c m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng y\u00eau.<\/em>
\nSau n\u1eefa , c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u00a0 ph\u00fac \u1ea5m cho con ch\u00e1u :
\n.\u00a0 L\u1ea1 g\u00ec con c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng ai
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i m\u1eabu l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian. *.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .\u00a0 C\u00e2y xanh th\u00ec l\u00e1 c\u0169ng xanh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cha m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9c cho con.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ec3 hun \u0111\u00fac cho con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho con l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp cho con tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n, c\u00f4 qu\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa c\u01a1 l\u1ee1 b\u01b0\u1edbc:
\n\u1ede cho c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n l\u1ed9c tr\u1eddi.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee1 b\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01a1 v\u01a1<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4m \u1ea5p tr\u1ebb th\u01a1<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c gi\u00e0 nua b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee1 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7m than k\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1ea5y ai \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1eb7c, \u0111\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0103n.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n b\u00e1t g\u1ea1o mang ra<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y \u201cc\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m\u201d, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m duy\u00ean.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nay ta \u1edf ch\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh y\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean c\u1ea7m l\u00f2ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfng r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edbt mi\u1ec7ng b\u1edbt l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 cho.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mi\u1ebfng khi \u0111\u00f3i, g\u00f3i khi no<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ee7a tuy t\u01a1 t\u00f3c ngh\u0129a so ng\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>C\u1ee7a l\u00e0 mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a chung<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1c l\u1ea1i tay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ede sao c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 ngh\u00ec<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u01a1m danh v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m bia mi\u1ec7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9 ta.*<\/em>
\n( * GHC , L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c)
\nTrong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt , h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u :
\nD\u1eabu x\u00e2y ch\u00edn b\u1eadc ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed3<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m ph\u00fac c\u1ee9u cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em>
\nV\u00e0 theo thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u201ctu th\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp lai sinh\u00a0:
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ta tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 sau.<\/em>
\nT\u00ednh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/em><\/strong>
\nT\u00ednh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh bi\u1ebft nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, bi\u1ebft d\u1eb1n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng.
\nTrong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0? Nhi\u1ec1u khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u201ctr\u1edf ch\u1ee9ng\u201d, sinh ra g\u1eaft g\u1ecfng, gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn, g\u00e2y g\u1ed5; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u0169ng n\u1ecf m\u1ed3m chua ngoa tranh c\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i , thi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, th\u00ec gia \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e1nh sao kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh x\u00e0o x\u00e1o\u00a0; c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n tan c\u1eeda n\u00e1t nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho con g\u00e1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 khuy\u00ean con ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn l\u00e0 ch\u00edn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0nh\u201d. M\u1ed9t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, d\u1eb1n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00ec s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd qua, gia c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a kh\u00ed, y\u00ean vui. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0:
\nC\u01a1n gi\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eddi ngang ng\u1eeda<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gi\u1edf r\u00f3i ra n\u00e1t c\u1eeda tan nh\u00e0.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1eef t\u00f9y l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/h4>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nhu m\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1, chua ngoa g\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i.*<\/em>
\nCa dao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:
\nCh\u1ed3ng gi\u1eadn th\u00ec v\u1ee3 b\u1edbt l\u1eddi<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u01a1m s\u00f4i nh\u1ecf l\u1eeda m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ea.<\/em>
\nNgay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ham m\u00ea c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, trai g\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u1eafn r\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 khuy\u00ean can, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi mong gi\u1eef y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u1ea1o:
\nD\u00f9 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eedu s\u1eafc<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hay g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1edd b\u1ea1c l\u01b0u li\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1ecf to ti\u1ebfng d\u1ecbu, l\u1eddi \u00eam<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea7n d\u00e0 u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn may m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng.<\/em>
\nPh\u1ea3i ch\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafn r\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1edb nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 thi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n.*<\/em>
\n( * GHC, L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c)
\nNh\u1edd gia \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean m\u00e0 con tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i c\u00f4i c\u00fat, s\u00e1ch Minh \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ecnh Minh \u0110\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, x\u01b0a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:
\nPh\u1ee5 m\u1eabu nh\u1eabn chi<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Linh t\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4.<\/em>
\nNgh\u0129a l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c l\u1eabn nhau th\u00ec con c\u00e1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4i c\u00fat.
\nGi\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng hi sinh
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n\u00a0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng hy sinh . S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, l\u00e0m m\u1eb9, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, ch\u1ecbu th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u1ed3ng con. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean , ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u01b0\u1ee3n ca dao, thi ca \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 con g\u00e1i:
\nQuanh n\u0103m d\u01b0a mu\u1ed1i n\u00e2u s\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cho con no \u0111\u1ee7, cho ch\u1ed3ng \u1ea5m \u00eam.<\/em>
\n(Ca dao H\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec7n)
\nV\u00ec ch\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i long \u0111ong<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebfp c\u0169ng xong m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec ch\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng c\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00e0o ai da s\u1eaft x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/em>
\nB\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng , m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng hy sinh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta :
\nQuanh n\u0103m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf mom s\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0n con v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i th\u00e2n c\u00f2 khi qu\u00e3ng v\u1eafng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eo s\u00e8o m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f2 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t duy\u00ean, hai n\u1ee3 \u00e2u \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1eadn<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m n\u1eafng, m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0a d\u00e1m qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n(Khen\u00a0 V\u1ee3 ,Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng)
\n(\u00d4ng Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1: \u201cT\u00ean U\u00f4ng, t\u00ean B\u00e1i, t\u00ean B\u1ed9t, t\u00ean B\u00e0nh\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m con\u00a0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ghi\u00a0 \u201cnu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m con v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng\u201d.)
\nT\u00ednh hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o, h\u00f2a \u00e1i<\/em><\/strong>
\nNgo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o , ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con g\u00e1i t\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u , ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o, h\u00f2a \u00e1i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sinh th\u00e0nh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u01a1n , h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, hi\u1ebfu k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p:
\n. M\u1eb9 cha tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0110\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i sao xi\u1ebft mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n c\u00f4ng \u01a1n.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 . C\u00f9 lao \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9c cao d\u1ea7y<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ph\u1ea3i lo hi\u1ebfu k\u00ednh \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng.*<\/em>
\nSau n\u00e0y , \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai kh\u00e1c:
\nT\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng tri<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00e2u hi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu, ti\u1ebfng ghi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi.*<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb em ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc :
\nV\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y
\nL\u00e1 l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc, b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0.*
\nTheo \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef :
\n. Ch\u1ecb ng\u00e3, em n\u00e2ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0. X\u1ea3y cha c\u00f2n ch\u00fa<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u1ea3y m\u1eb9 b\u00fa d\u00ec.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 . M\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e0o,<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u01a1n ao n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ea1c xa hay v\u1edbi x\u00f3m gi\u1ec1ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u00e2n c\u1ea7n, vui v\u1ebb:
\nT\u1eeb h\u1ecd m\u1ea1c, l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0169ng \u1edf cho trong \u1ea5m ngo\u00e0i \u00eam<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e0o, ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi cho m\u1ec1m<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1eb3ng khinh ai, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec1m o\u00e1n ai.*<\/em>
\n.T\u00ednh \u0111oan trang<\/strong>
\nL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, t\u00ednh n\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn, nghi\u00eam trang. Khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i, bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i , nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0 Nho gia \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y : \u201cNam n\u1eef th\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t th\u00e2n\u201d.
\nNh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, hun \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng dung ng\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf , ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p :
\nX\u01b0a nay nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u00e2u hi\u1ec1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f4ng dung ng\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ti\u00ean ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n !*<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(* GHC, L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c )<\/em>
\n2.4. TAM T\u00d2NG<\/strong>
\nNh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, theo H\u00e1n Nho, T\u1ed1ng Nho, ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1ea1o tam t\u00f2ng, th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam r\u0103n d\u1eady con g\u00e1i:
\n2.4.1. T\u1ea1i gia t\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5<\/strong>
\nT\u1ea1i gia t\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i khi c\u00f2n \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo cha cho tr\u00f2n ch\u1eef hi\u1ebfu.
\n– Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft , ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u01a1n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 ch\u1ea1p n\u00ean lo c\u00fang qu\u1ea3i cho t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t :
\nL\u1ea1i l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 t\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1eafng nh\u00e0.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed3 c\u00fang c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo l\u1ec5 nghi kh\u00e9p n\u00e9p khoan thai.*<\/em>
\n– Sau l\u00e0 , ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9\u00a0:
\nM\u1eb9 cha l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi
\nN\u00f3i sao hay v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2u d\u00e1m c\u00e3i l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 cha.
\n– Sau n\u1eefa l\u00e0 , ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng song th\u00e2n cho chu \u0111\u00e1o :
\nC\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1edbm ti\u1ebfn, tr\u01b0a d\u00e2ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u01a1m ngon, canh ng\u1ecdt cho b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecb em.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi \u1ea5m l\u1ea1nh ta h\u1ea7u coi s\u00f3c<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Xem ch\u00e1o c\u01a1m, thang thu\u1ed1c m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ra v\u00e0o th\u0103m h\u1ecfi t\u1eebng khi<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ef1, ta th\u1eddi an t\u00e2m.*<\/em>
\n( * GHC, L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c)
\n2.4.2. Xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 t\u00f2ng phu<\/strong>
\nXu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 t\u00f2ng phu l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i theo ch\u1ed3ng :
\nCh\u1eef r\u1eb1ng chi t\u1eed vu quy<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u00e0m th\u00e2n con g\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo ch\u1ed3ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u0110i \u0111\u00e2u cho thi\u1ebfp theo c\u00f9ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3i no thi\u1ebfp ch\u1ecbu, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfp cam.<\/em>
\nM\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng th\u1ee7y chung, gi\u1eef v\u1eb9n trinh ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng :
\n.\u00a0 H\u1ea1t m\u01b0a ch\u00fat ph\u1eadn l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea5m son t\u1ea1c l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef trinh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u.*<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0. Tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, may r\u1ee7i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea7u ai th\u00eau ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ebd r\u1ed3ng m\u1eb7c ai.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e1t, v\u00e0ng phai<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u0103m n\u0103m duy\u00ean n\u1ee3, ch\u1eb3ng sai ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.<\/em>
\nV\u00e0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea3i nghe l\u1eddi, thu\u1eadn th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng :
\nD\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfng thu\u1eadn l\u1eddi \u00eam<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ee9 l\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng d\u1eady, m\u1edbi \u00eam c\u1eeda nh\u00e0.*<\/em>
\n( * GHC, L\u00fd V\u0103n ph\u1ee9c)
\nTuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng coi tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u00ean lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c\u00a0 ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi , trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 , m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean nam n\u1eef :
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ebf, gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u00eam \u1ea5m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac:
\nV\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a t\u00e0o khang<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a, v\u1ee3 thu\u1eadn nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00ean vui<\/em>
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ebf, con c\u00e1i m\u1edbi n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0103n m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t:
\nSinh con m\u1edbi n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u00e0m \u0103n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u1ea5m no.<\/em>
\nCh\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, d\u00e2n ta c\u00f2n tin r\u1eb1ng, khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u00a0 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, d\u00f9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng :
\nThu\u1eadn v\u1ee3 thu\u1eadn ch\u1ed3ng , t\u00e1t b\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea1n.<\/em>
\n– T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u00e2n (Coi tr\u1ecdng nhau nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch)
\nDuy\u00ean may g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n nh\u00e2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thu\u1ed9c c\u00e2u \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u00e2n\u201d l\u00e0m l\u00f2ng.*<\/em>
\nM\u1ed9t khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch, c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 , gi\u1eef cho con c\u00e1i tr\u1ecdn ni\u1ec1m k\u00ednh y\u00eau v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sinh th\u00e0nh; sau n\u1eefa l\u00e0 , tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eeb khi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng, n\u00e0ng ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng chu to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec1 gia n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3, ch\u0103m lo ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng, coi s\u00f3c nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 ch\u1ed3ng con:
\nThi\u1ebfp v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi d\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nguy\u1ec7n xem then kh\u00f3a, gi\u1eef h\u1ea7u \u00e1o kh\u0103n.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng song th\u00e2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1edbm th\u0103m, t\u1ed1i vi\u1ebfng, \u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee1 anh.*<\/em>
\nN\u00e0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c, bi\u1ebft kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o l\u1ef1a l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng xa l\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i h\u01b0, t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 trai g\u00e1i, r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u00e0, c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, c\u1ed1t b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00e0 lo vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 trung hi\u1ebfu :
\nB\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0ng h\u00e3y kinh doanh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00f9i m\u00e0i kinh s\u1eed, t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh cung t\u00ean.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f4ng danh mong \u0111\u1ed9i \u01a1n tr\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f2n trong tr\u1ea7n l\u1ee5y c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u1ea5u m\u1ea7u.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u1eedi tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e1m khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1eafc ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadn, r\u01b0\u1ee3u h\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u1ebfp xin ch\u00e0ng\u00a0 ch\u1edb \u0111am d\u00e2m<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1edd b\u1ea1c ch\u1edb ham l\u00e0m g\u00ec.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1ebf gian l\u1eafm k\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean m\u00ea<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c1o qu\u1ea7n lam l\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec nh\u01b0 ma<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u1ebfp xin ch\u00e0ng l\u00e1nh cho xa<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m trung hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e2n.*<\/em>
\nMai kia nh\u1edd tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ed3ng n\u00ean danh ph\u1eadn th\u00ec n\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn nh\u1edd:
\nB\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3i long v\u00e2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00e0o t\u01a1 li\u1ec5u y\u1ebfu g\u1eedi th\u00e2n anh h\u00f9ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u01b0a nay g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u01a1n ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00e0ng n\u00ean quan c\u1ea3, thi\u1ebfp n\u00ean h\u1ea7u b\u00e0.*<\/em>
\n( * GHC, L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c)
\nCh\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn , tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111i h\u1ecdc, \u0111i thi, l\u00e0m quan n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed nu\u00f4i ch\u1ed3ng \u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c khuya d\u1eady s\u1edbm h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 , \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac , khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u1ed3ng d\u00f9i m\u00e0i kinh s\u1eed :
\nKhuy\u00ean ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m th\u01a1
\nD\u1ea7u hao thi\u1ebfp r\u00f3t, \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edd thi\u1ebfp kh\u00eau .
\nD\u1ea7u n\u00e0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c thay ch\u1ed3ng g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nu\u00f4i ch\u1ed3ng \u0103n h\u1ecdc, n\u00e0ng c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng :
\n– Anh \u0111i em \u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hai vai g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0, con th\u01a1.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u1ea7m than bao qu\u1ea3n n\u1eafng m\u01b0a<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anh \u0111i anh c\u1ed1 tranh \u0111ua v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Xin ch\u00e0ng n\u1ea5u s\u1eed s\u00f4i kinh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 em c\u1ea7y c\u1ea5y, c\u1eedi canh k\u1ecbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mai sau xi\u00eam \u00e1o th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u01a0n tr\u1eddi, l\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n vinh.<\/em>
\nV\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n khi nu\u00f4i ch\u1ed3ng \u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ?
\nEm th\u1eddi canh c\u1eedi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0<\/em>
\nNu\u00f4i anh \u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u0103ng khoa b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0ng.<\/em>
\nV\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o m\u00e0\u00a0 ch\u1eb3ng mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho con g\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1i\u00a0 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ?
\nL\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1edd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng . Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n Nho gi\u00e1o x\u01b0a, khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh con \u0111\u1ebb c\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec3 lo h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may n\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 b\u00e9, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1i h\u1ecda \u201cv\u00f4 h\u1eadu\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd Nho gia ,\u201cb\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu h\u1eefu tam, v\u00f4 h\u1eadu vi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (ba \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00f4n th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i cha m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c vong linh). \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ebf , x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn c\u00f2n quan ni\u1ec7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fac l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng con, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e1u, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho s\u1ef1 th\u1edd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. Phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00e2m ch\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p n\u0103m th\u00ea, b\u1ea9y thi\u1ebfp.
\n\u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 nhu thu\u1eadn, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o \u201ct\u00f2ng phu\u201d th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ghen tu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thi\u1ebfp . V\u00ec c\u0169ng theo Nho gi\u00e1o, ghen tu\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea9y t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf v\u1ee3. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf con g\u00e1i:
\nTrai n\u0103m th\u00ea, b\u1ea9y thi\u1ebfp<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00e1i ch\u00ednh chuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng.<\/em>
\nTrong Gia Hu\u1ea5n Ca c\u1ee7a L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c , \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u ra m\u00e0 khoan dung ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ea7u thi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng :
\nIn l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e0o khang chi ngh\u1ecb\u201d<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1eebng mang c\u00e2u \u201c\u0111\u1ed1\u00a0 k\u1ef5 chi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gi\u00e2y b\u00ecm cho t\u1ef1a c\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eb7t, sau n\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee1 tay.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i x\u01b0a nay c\u0169ng v\u1eady<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trai l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ea5y b\u1ea9y l\u1ea5y ba<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>L\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 nh\u00e0 ta<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00eam h\u00f2e, n\u1ea9y qu\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ai?*<\/em>
\n\u00a0<\/em>2.4.3. Phu t\u1eed t\u00f2ng t\u1eed<\/strong>
\nPhu t\u1eed t\u00f2ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i theo con. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, phong t\u1ee5c ta cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 sau ba n\u0103m ch\u1ecbu tang ch\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u1eady nu\u00f4i con, gi\u1eef tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh, b\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 s\u1ee9c l\u00ean , r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ban th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u201cTi\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 phong\u201d.
\nC\u00f2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ra, l\u00fac con c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean m\u1eb9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9 gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u00a0; n\u00ean khi con tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 g\u00f3a b\u1ee5a \u1edf v\u1edbi con c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u201cTr\u1ebb c\u1eady cha, gi\u00e0 c\u1eady con\u201d. Hu\u1ed1ng chi theo t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ch\u00e1u hi\u1ebfu k\u00ednh, \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0a, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu T\u1eeb D\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu.
\nS\u00e1ch s\u1eed k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, b\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u1ee5 g\u00f3a ch\u1ed3ng n\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con tr\u1ebb. Sau n\u00e0y vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf ng\u00f4i thi\u00ean t\u1eed, su\u1ed1t 36 n\u0103m tr\u1ecb v\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111i xa hay \u0111au y\u1ebfu, th\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ch\u1eb5n, v\u00e0o cung ch\u1ea7u m\u1eb9. Vua t\u00e2u m\u1eb9 vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0a, vi\u1ec7c nay. \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1eeb D\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u, bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng r\u1ed9ng. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1eeb D\u1ee5 ban c\u00e2u chi hay th\u00ec ng\u00e0i bi\u00ean ngay v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n gi\u1ea5y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1eeb hu\u1ea5n l\u1ee5c\u201d. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m nh\u00e0 vua \u0111i s\u0103n t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Thu\u1eadn Tr\u1ef1c, g\u1eb7p n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169. C\u00f2n hai ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa c\u00f3 k\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9c Hi\u1ebfn t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb D\u1ee5 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y vua v\u1ec1, s\u1ed1t ru\u1ed9t, sai quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i r\u01b0\u1edbc . G\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i thuy\u1ec1n ng\u1ef1 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi b\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0i \u0111i th\u1eb3ng sang cung m\u1eb9, l\u1ea1y xin ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1eeb D\u1ee5 ng\u1ed3i xoay m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u00e0 vua t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y roi m\u00e2y d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu, r\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng xin ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f2n. C\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb D\u1ee5 xoay m\u1eb7t ra, l\u1ea5y tay h\u1ea5t roi, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o: \u201cTh\u00f4i, tha cho. \u0110i ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho quan qu\u00e2n c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ban th\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, r\u1ed3i s\u1edbm mai \u0111i h\u1ea7u k\u1ecb\u201d. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c d\u1ea1 nghe theo l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 d\u1ea1y. (Vi\u1ec7t Nam S\u1eed L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, tr.236-237).
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef theo quan ni\u1ec7m x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u1eb3n th\u1ea5y , nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi r\u0103n d\u1ea1y, khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u00e1ch \u0103n \u1edf, c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 an vui, h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh , h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef, ca dao c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gia hu\u1ea5n ca c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nho gia, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 pha l\u1eabn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u0169ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n\u00a0 ta n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.
\nTrong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u d\u00e2n ta r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 , hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu. R\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y hy sinh, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ch\u00ed, l\u1eadp th\u00e2n ; l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng con th\u01a1 n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u00e0, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh ,\u201cGia \u0111\u00ecnh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t, x\u00e3\u00a0 h\u1ed9i ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a\u00a0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3\u201d, (Tr\u00edch \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Nam Phong, s\u1ed1 82 \u2013 Avril 1924).<\/p>\n

B. V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C PH\u1ee4 N\u1eee NG\u00c0Y NAY N\u01a0I H\u1ea2I NGO\u1ea0I<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1 HO\u00c0N C\u1ea2NH X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc ta r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX (1884), \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb an m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m y\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 mau x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169, Ph\u00e1p cho b\u00e3i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho m\u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta. Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u1edbi theo m\u1eabu t\u01b0 La tinh c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eef h\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.
\nN\u0103m 1915, tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u1eef H\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Saigon (b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00c1o T\u00edm ; n\u0103m 1922, ban Trung H\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai gi\u1ea3ng . Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Coll\u00e8ge Des Jeunes Filles Indig\u00e8nes, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u1eef Trung H\u1ecdc Gia Long. N\u0103m 1925, tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u1eef Trung H\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Coll\u00e8ge des Jeunes Filles, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u1eef Trung H\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1932 tr\u1edf \u0111i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u1eef Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc.
\nSu\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, phong tr\u00e0o \u00c2u h\u00f3a m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Saigon c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd Nho gi\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft tam t\u00f2ng . Theo h\u1ecd , ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 giam h\u00e3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00fat t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nam n\u1eef b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp tay b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u0110o\u1ea1n Tuy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t linh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n N\u1eeda Ch\u1eebng Xu\u00e2n\u00a0 c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng (Nh\u00f3m T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n).
\nT\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i (1945), \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t\u00a0 di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Nam. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i , t\u1eeb b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, con trai con g\u00e1i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Con g\u00e1i tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4 T\u00fa, c\u00f4 C\u1eed v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u00a0; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang \u1edf b\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i b\u1ecf ngang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n b\u1edbt kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef; d\u1eabu sao t\u00e0n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n Nho gi\u00e1o, nam t\u00f4n n\u1eef ti, tam t\u00f2ng t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1ea7n c\u00f2n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn.
\nCh\u1ec9 sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 1975, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1m c\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng minh , ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 lo, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0, n\u00e0o b\u0103ng ng\u00e0n l\u1ed9i su\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn non cao, r\u1eebng th\u1eb3m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m nu\u00f4i ch\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, n\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng con th\u01a1\u2026 Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh ra \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ecd h\u1ebft lo chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n nu\u00f4i con \u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ea1i lo g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i ch\u1ed3ng hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u00f2n k\u1eb9t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng ai may m\u1eafn \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed3ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng lo sinh k\u1ebf gia \u0111\u00ecnh , v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con tr\u1ebb , sao cho ch\u00fang v\u1eeba theo k\u1ecbp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c.
\nC\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i ( h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nay), hay sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 , b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u00a0; h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 , h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ebb vang, kh\u00f4ng thua g\u00ec nam gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u c\u1eadn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i , l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o tam t\u00f2ng, l\u00e0m con ph\u1ea3i \u201cg\u1ecdi d\u1ea1, b\u1ea3o v\u00e2ng\u201d, l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i \u201cphu x\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ba m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00f4 Loan trong \u0110o\u1ea1n Tuy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh ,\u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng b\u00e0 Hai\u00a0:\u201cTh\u01b0a th\u1ea7y me, th\u1ea7y me cho con \u0111i h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7y me kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 x\u1eed v\u1edbi con nh\u01b0 con v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o g\u00ec, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean. L\u1ed7i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf con. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 con t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d.
\nV\u1eady v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra h\u00f4m nay n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh , ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con g\u00e1i cho h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.
\n2. V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C PH\u1ee4 N\u1eee T\u1ea0I H\u1ea2I NGO\u1ea0I<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u00e3 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 n\u01a1i x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, khoa c\u1eed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p.
\nTrong cu\u1ed1n V\u1ebb Vang D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed1n I n\u0103m 1992, cu\u1ed1n II 1993, k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ecdng Minh, t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam , t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u00c2u sang M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00dac\u00a0. Do \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u01b0u t\u00fa v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ; c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i.
\nTrong t\u1edd n\u1ed9i san c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u00c1i H\u1eefu D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u0129 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i, T\u1ebft \u1ea4t H\u1ee3i 1995, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0169 Bi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft th\u00eam:
\n– T\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 Christian, trong m\u1ed9c cu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng di tr\u00fa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1p (La famille, le secret de l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u2013 Robert Laffont \u2013 Paris 1993 ) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft\u00a0: \u201cS\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u201d (tr.145). V\u00e0 \u00f4ng Jelen \u0111\u00e3 coi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, v\u00ec h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Theo \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd gia \u0111\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft d\u1eady d\u1ed7 con c\u00e1i (tr.170-172).
\n– T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng James A. Fr\u00eaman, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n (Hearts Of Sorrow \u2013 Stanford University Press \u2013 Stanford 1989) , \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u00a0: Tr\u1ebb em Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y qu\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y suy s\u1ee5p, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Thu\u1ebf do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t . Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a, v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u00f4ng x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3 (tr.8).
\nNh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung ,\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\nXem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t n\u01a1i g\u00f3c b\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\nGia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con t\u1ed1t cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t , ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng d\u1eabu h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi t\u00e0i cao , v\u1eabn c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, chi\u1ebfm \u00edt th\u1eddi gian , \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n gi\u1edd, c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con c\u00e1i.
\n2.1. S\u1ef0 TH\u1ee8C TH\u1edcI<\/strong>
\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb g\u00e1i n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i , ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi khi c\u00f2n \u1edf b\u00ean nh\u00e0. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 sau n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.
\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft , ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi , ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. \u201c\u0110\u00e1o giang t\u00f9y kh\u00fac, nh\u1eadp gia t\u00f9y t\u1ee5c\u201d, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ea1y th\u1ebf sao?
\n\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, v\u0103n h\u00f3a , x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi . Th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hay \u0111\u1eb9p trong phong t\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc . Nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 sinh nh\u1eadt\u00a0; t\u1eb7ng hoa, t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0, g\u1edfi thi\u1ec7p m\u1eebng cha m\u1eb9, con c\u00e1i, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp vui m\u1eebng c\u01b0\u1edbi xin, sinh \u0111\u1ebb\u2026\u00a0; hay nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5\u00a0 Noel, T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n v.v\u2026
\nX\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c2u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t son trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\nCh\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng qu\u00ean \u0111i vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfp gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngay l\u1ed1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o con c\u00e1i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp (y\u00eau cho roi cho v\u1ecdt) , ho\u1eb7c s\u1ec9 m\u1eafng th\u1eadm t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f2ng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh . B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng , c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u2026, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u00f9. Nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u201cNever put them down\u201d (kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con tr\u1ebb), th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5.
\nH\u01a1n n\u1eefa , ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh vui v\u1ebb v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i, coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n. Khi gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh.
\nPh\u1ee5 huynh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u con c\u00e1i. Ai c\u0169ng r\u00f5 , m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con c\u00e1i ta s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c2u M\u1ef9, su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i TV, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng ta. Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c ta\u00a0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n giao du gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y thong th\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng con \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, l\u1eafng nghe, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u . V\u00ec c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng. Khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u00fap con to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.
\nN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1edfi m\u1edf, bao dung, c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, gi\u1eefa hai n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i . Gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng xa l\u00e1nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0; v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con tr\u1ebb theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang . Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, tinh hoa c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.
\n2.2 NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C<\/strong>
\nVi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con tr\u1ebb \u1edf x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u00a0. C\u00f3 v\u1eady m\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.
\n2.2.1 N\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng<\/strong>
\nHai nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng Hartshome v\u00e0 May \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb: \u201cVi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean\u201d (Studies on the Nature of Character : Studies on Deceit, 1928). Ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Nga c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y con b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u1ea3o ban m\u00e0 b\u1edfi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y , cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i \u201cl\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u201d.
\nQu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, cha m\u1eb9 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ch\u0103m lo \u00e2n c\u1ea7n s\u0103n s\u00f3c \u00f4ng b\u00e0, tr\u00ean h\u00f2a d\u01b0\u1edbi thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb em, \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc c\u01b0u mang h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng\u2026Con tr\u1ebb nh\u1edd s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng anh em b\u00e0 con h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea9y n\u1edf\u00a0; tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec5, tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy.
\nCha m\u1eb9 l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ngay th\u1eb3ng, trong s\u1ea1ch, t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n\u2026 N\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n theo tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9, tuy kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con c\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.
\nSau n\u1eefa, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y hy sinh cho con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9, n\u00e0o th\u1ee9c khuya d\u1eady s\u1edbm, n\u00e0o t\u1ea5t t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 lo sinh k\u1ebf cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng con th\u01a1 . D\u1ea7u v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y, thua thi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb nan, mi\u1ec5n sao con tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no \u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hy sinh v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng mong m\u1ecfi tha thi\u1ebft kia \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ea3m k\u00edch. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 , ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai tr\u00e1i s\u1ee3 l\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, s\u1edbm mong th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea5m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng \u01a1n c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ea5ng sinh th\u00e0nh.
\n2.2.2 Duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/strong>
\n– Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd cha m\u1eb9. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd, gi\u1ed7 t\u1ebft th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh m\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con tr\u1ebb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f2n \u01b0a nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh.
\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin, r\u1eb1ng vong linh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9 cho con ch\u00e1u tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m \u0103n, t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 an \u1ee7i h\u1ecd trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.
\nSau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho anh em h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng sum h\u1ecdp, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gia t\u1ed9c.
\n\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn con ch\u00e1u ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch, lo b\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gia phong sao cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng con nh\u00e0.
\n– Ch\u00fac T\u1ebft, ch\u00fac th\u1ecd, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, bi\u1ebfu x\u00e9n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu k\u00ednh.
\n– B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phong t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 nghi c\u01b0\u1edbi xin: L\u1ec5 ch\u1ea1m ng\u00f5, L\u1ec5 \u0103n h\u1ecfi, L\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3n d\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 d\u1ec1nh dang, chu \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi n\u00e0y, hai \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 lo b\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\n2.2.3 Khung c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>
\nC\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 s\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh trang ho\u00e0ng n\u01a1i t\u01b0 gia, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n m\u00e0i, tranh l\u1ee5a mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng trong ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i T\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2n \u0111\u00ecnh; c\u1ea3nh b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 qu\u00ea ru con tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc v\u00f5ng \u0111ay, b\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 gianh c\u00f3 li\u1ebfp tre; c\u1ea3nh ch\u00fa b\u00e9 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng tr\u00e2u th\u1ed5i s\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y \u0111a, b\u00ean b\u1edd ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa; n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4 l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2 tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, xa xa c\u00f3 th\u00e1p ch\u00f9a Linh M\u1ee5 in b\u00f3ng; hay c\u1ea3nh s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp v.v\u2026
\nNh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n quen, mai kia n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y xa l\u1ea1, l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng.
\n2.2.4 \u00c1o d\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>
\nC\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con g\u00e1i b\u1eadn \u00e1o d\u00e0i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n, c\u01b0\u1edbi xin, T\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t hay nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1t n\u01a1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c.
\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 may y ph\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ebft l\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i. V\u00e0 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70, trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 thi \u00e1o d\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Th\u00e1i Lan, \u00e1o d\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t! Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u00e1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111oan trang, v\u1eeba d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng tha th\u01b0\u1edbt, v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i.
\nC\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho con g\u00e1i bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u00e1o d\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ecdi giai c\u1ea5p, m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng (g\u1ea7y b\u00e9o, cao th\u1ea5p), ai m\u1eb7c c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00ean, th\u1ea5y duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u00e1o, m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc, c\u00e1ch trang tr\u00ed\u2026\u00a0\u00a0 \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3u \u00e1o (c\u1ed5 \u00e1o cao hay th\u1ea5p, c\u1ed5 kho\u00e9t r\u1ed9ng \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00e2n \u00e1o r\u1ed9ng hay h\u1eb9p, t\u00e0 d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n eo hay kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ea1 k\u00edch cao hay th\u1ea5p, tay r\u00e1p vai hay tay b\u1ed3ng vai v.v\u2026) sao cho\u00a0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng , t\u1eebng tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi,v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o\u00a0?\u2026
\nM\u1ed9t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n l\u00fac m\u1eb7c ch\u00fang .
\nC\u00e1i \u00e1o tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u1ea7y tu nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1 thay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i m\u1ed7i khi kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i , b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00e9p n\u00e9p, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ra v\u1ebb ngay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.
\n2.2.5 M\u00f3n \u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 b\u1eefa c\u01a1m sum h\u1ecdp gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/strong>
\nNh\u1eefng b\u1eefa c\u01a1m th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 n\u00ean t\u1ea1o d\u1ecbp d\u1ea1y cho con g\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n, n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n ngon nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1eddi gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea3, c\u00e1 h\u1ea5p g\u1eebng, th\u1ecbt n\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng, rau s\u00e0o v.v\u2026, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n ngon c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3 gi\u00f2, nem n\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ea1o t\u00f4m, ph\u1edf, b\u00fan thang hay b\u00fan b\u00f2 Hu\u1ebf v.v\u2026 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, khi h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
\nL\u00e0m m\u00f3n \u0103n ngon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (x\u01b0a nay ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ea5u \u0103n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc).
\nT\u1ea1o b\u1eefa c\u01a1m ngon (h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, vui v\u1ebb cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi . \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft , v\u00ec b\u1eefa c\u01a1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0y (nhi\u1ec1u khi trong tu\u1ea7n), cha m\u1eb9 con c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nhau. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbp t\u1ed1t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf th\u00e2n m\u1eadt trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh , b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho c\u00e1c con chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2, t\u00e2m s\u1ef1, g\u00f3p \u00fd\u2026 Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 con h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa c\u01a1m ngon, vui v\u1ebb, c\u1edfi m\u1edf, th\u00e2n m\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00eam g\u1eafn b\u00f3 . \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eef con tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t.
\n2.2.6 N\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/strong>
\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch trang tr\u00ed nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n, chuy\u1ec7n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho con tr\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea m\u1eb9 . Tuy v\u1eady ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n, ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7. Mu\u1ed1n cho tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc phu huynh ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi con th\u01a1, n\u00ean d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u . Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng :
\n– Khi tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n s\u01a1 sinh, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t ru b\u1eb1ng ca dao (\u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n A).
\n– Tr\u1ebb t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i t\u1eadp \u0103n t\u1eadp n\u00f3i (2-3 tu\u1ed5i) ta d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng dao, cho tr\u1ebb v\u1eeba ch\u01a1i v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb m\u1edbi.
\n– Khi tr\u1ebb \u0111i m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o (3-5 tu\u1ed5i), th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fang \u1edf nh\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00e9p tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t . \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi , ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em.
\n– Th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc (5-10 tu\u1ed5i), \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb th\u01a1\u00a0; t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai m\u1edf, \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo h\u1ea1t, n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eeba gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ee5c ( bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9\u00a0; k\u00ednh y\u00eau anh ch\u1ecb, nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn c\u00e1c em\u00a0; th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t , gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e9t, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n v.v\u2026) .V\u1eeba d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (\u00a0 Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o Khoa Th\u01b0 do b\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Gia Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n\u00a0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954 \u1edf VN, v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i.)
\n– Tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 5 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, v\u00ec tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 B\u00e1nh d\u1ea7y b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng, Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng, Tr\u1ea7u cau, l\u01b0u B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ec5,T\u1ea5m C\u00e1m, Th\u1ea1ch Sanh, \u0102n kh\u1ebf tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0ng v.v\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, cha m\u1eb9, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a g\u1eafn b\u00f3 gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, anh em, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8\u00a0; v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, \u1edf hi\u1ec1n g\u1eb7p l\u00e0nh, \u1edf \u00e1c g\u1eb7p d\u1eef v.v\u2026
\nK\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u01a1i con tr\u1ebb.
\n– Khi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc (11-17 tu\u1ed5i) ta n\u00ean g\u1edfi ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1ea1y Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u01a1 quan t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng hay nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u1eedi con \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1edbp Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp (nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc Louis le Grand ) . N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y , tr\u1ebb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1m h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng\u00a0 ghi v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1,\u00a0 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m , v\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0 thi c\u1eed .
\nCh\u01b0a k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c thi c\u1eed, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Con tr\u1ebb\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf lu\u00f4n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hay c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng , nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng anh h\u00f9ng li\u1ec7t n\u1eef\u00a0; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh qu\u00ed b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5, hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu\u00a0; c\u00e1c \u00e1ng th\u01a1 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n gia thi s\u0129\u00a0; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0\u2026 , t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady , h\u1ecfi sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0?!
\n2.2.7 Tham gia c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>
\nSau n\u1eefa,ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con c\u00e1i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ed9i h\u00e8, l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o cho ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung\u2026 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nam n\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea9y n\u1edf, ngh\u0129a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v.v\u2026
\n2.2.8 Tam t\u00f2ng t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c<\/strong>
\nTrong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u201ctam t\u00f2ng , t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft \u201ctam t\u00f2ng\u201d ch\u00fang ta d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u01b0a, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft t\u00f2ng quy\u1ec1n, \u201ct\u1ea1i gia t\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5, xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 t\u00f2ng phu, phu t\u1eed t\u00f2ng t\u1eed\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0; h\u1ec5 ai\u00a0 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 cha hay ch\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 con ta \u0111i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ta v\u1eabn nghe theo.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u01b0a su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u1ef7 v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng\u00a0; th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang. S\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng lan truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc . S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p hay qua \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, \u0111\u00e1m tr\u1ebb v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i.
\nRi\u00eang\u00a0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng dung ng\u00f4n\u00a0 h\u1ea1nh, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft s\u1eeda sai \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u cho h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trau d\u1ed3i ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nNh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh , ai ch\u1eb3ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng con, b\u1edf\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh . Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m\u00a0\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eaft m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i, ch\u1eb3ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n \u00a0nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u01b0a\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m\u00a0:
\nTh\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed3ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng c\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00e0o ai x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eaft da \u0111\u1ed3ng chi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/em>
\nHay:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Canh m\u1ed9t d\u1ecdn c\u1eeda d\u1ecdn nh\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Canh hai d\u1ec7t c\u1eedi canh ba \u0111i n\u1eb1m.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Canh t\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang canh n\u0103m<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u00ecnh anh d\u1eady h\u1ecdc, ch\u1edb n\u1eb1m l\u00e0m chi.<\/em>
\nHi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng theo l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3, su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m qu\u1ea7n qu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee3 (nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd hay l\u00e0m 2, 3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c), \u0111\u00eam v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c khuya d\u1eady s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 lo d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p, thu v\u00e9n c\u1eeda nh\u00e0, c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ch\u1ed3ng con. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf , ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u t\u00e2m s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i hao m\u00f2n ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sinh, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ed1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n.
\nTh\u1ebf n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m , c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eeda sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.
\nV\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ngo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0,\u00a0 lo vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa, b\u1ebfp n\u00fac, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eady d\u1ed7 con c\u00e1i . Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u00fat b\u1ee5i, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, gi\u1eb7t l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, lau r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n b\u00e1t (\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng con g\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n ng\u1ee7, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o trau d\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u2026 C\u00f3 v\u1eady, th\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, t\u00e2m m\u1edbi an l\u1ea1c. Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ecfe, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 vui ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chu to\u00e0n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 an h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng con\u00a0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ecfe, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 vui\u00a0 ta m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, ban ph\u00e1t t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn.
\nL\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef dung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a xem nh\u1eb9 ch\u1eef dung n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m , ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng con , kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trang :
\nC\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u1edbt \u00e1o thay vai<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1edbt m\u1ea7u trang \u0111i\u1ec3m, k\u1ebbo trai n\u00f3 l\u1ea7m.<\/em>
\n\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, l\u00f4i th\u00f4i, l\u1ebfch th\u1ebfch:
\nCh\u01b0a ch\u1ed3ng, n\u00f3n th\u00fang quai thao<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i, n\u00f3n r\u00e1ch, quai n\u00e0o th\u00ec quai.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u01b0a ch\u1ed3ng, y\u1ebfm th\u1eafm, \u0111eo hoa<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i hai v\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 ra t\u1ea7y gi\u00e0nh.<\/em>
\nTh\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn, ch\u00fang ta h\u1eb3n bi\u1ebft , th\u00f3i \u0111\u1eddi \u201cg\u00e1i tham t\u00e0i, trai tham s\u1eafc\u201d, th\u1ebf n\u00ean , ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trang, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0103n di\u1ec7n , \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4n th\u00eam v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhan s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nL\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u00ec m\u00ecnh. Sau n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 tin, s\u1ef1 y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng.
\nC\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef ng\u00f4n, ch\u1ec9 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn cho l\u1eafm. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5 ta x\u01b0a t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y ,\u201cl\u1ef1a l\u1eddi m\u00e0 cho v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng nhau\u201d, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00ed l\u00fd.
\nTrong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ta c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i , th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ef1a l\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a n\u01a1i, l\u1ef1a l\u00fac n\u1eefa. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 khi con l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u hay , ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfc l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00ean khen tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn con tr\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, t\u1ef1 tin\u00a0; gi\u00fap ch\u00fang th\u00eam ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n , cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady\u00a0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, khi con l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u sai qu\u1ea5y , ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1eafng m\u1ecf gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00e1nh cho con kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, c\u1ea3 gi\u1eadn m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tai h\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng. G\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ta n\u00ean v\u1edd nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ch\u00fa \u00fd, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ph\u1edbt qua cho con t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u (c\u00f3 t\u1eadt gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh!), \u0111\u1ee3i khi con \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, ta t\u00ecm d\u1ecbp v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i, r\u1ed3i l\u1ef1a l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean can. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 ta mong mu\u1ed1n.
\nSau h\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef h\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng n\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ee9 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu (cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng); h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc anh ch\u1ecb em, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ; v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, hy sinh, t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y lo cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u1ed3ng con. Ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng ngay ch\u00ednh, gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0 n\u00ean v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cho b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng ,v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c . Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft bao c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y hi sinh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed3ng con x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u00e0 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nNg\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef , t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3y may c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng theo n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u201c\u0111\u00e1o giang t\u00f9y kh\u00fac, nh\u1eadp gia t\u00f9y t\u1ee5c\u201d l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. S\u1ed1ng \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u00edch \u1ee9ng theo x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y , n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng, b\u1ecb thua thi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 (l\u1edbp Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n), con em ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 chan h\u00f2a s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc , th\u00ec t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i d\u1edf, ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi , bi\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, con g\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Ch\u00fa th\u00edch <\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n* <\/strong>v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>
\nB\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Tri\u1ec1u H\u00ecnh Lu\u1eadt (QTHL), b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c (1428-1788) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef:
\n* V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/strong>
\na.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u00e1i d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n, ch\u1eb3ng may v\u1ecb h\u00f4n phu b\u1ecb \u00e1c t\u1eadt, b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i hay b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb h\u00f4n (\u0110.322).
\nb.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh gia th\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1ee3 trong v\u00f2ng 5 th\u00e1ng (hay m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 con), ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c (\u0110.308).
\nc.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 QTHL b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 Trung Hoa (lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 Thanh) , cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t):
\n– 1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai
\n– 2. D\u00e2m d\u1eadt
\n– 3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng
\n– 4. L\u1eafm l\u1eddi g\u00e2y g\u1ed7
\n– 5. Tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp
\n– 6. Ghen tu\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng
\n– 7. C\u00f3 \u00e1c t\u1eadt
\nNh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 QTHL c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Gia Long c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Tri\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7 (1815) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ba \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 (tam b\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t): 1. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i tang ba n\u0103m (cha hay m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng) \u2013 2.N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u2013 3.N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f4 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a.
\n* V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf<\/strong>
\nQTHL (\u0110.721) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea Chi\u00eau T\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eddi Quang Thu\u1eadn (1517) \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p
\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n chia di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng lo vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.
\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai, con g\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n thay th\u1ebf lo vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba t\u1ef1.
\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm, con trai c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng thay con t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (khi h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5, g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ec5, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 em trai hay \u00f4ng ch\u00fa s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ph\u1ee5 l\u1ec5).
\nTuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai, di s\u1ea3n tuy con g\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 tuy con g\u00e1i lo nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 h\u1eadu\u201d. Theo Nho gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con trai n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu (b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu h\u1eefu tam, v\u00f4 h\u1eadu vi \u0111\u1ea1i) . Do \u0111\u00f3, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 l\u1ebd, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con trai.
\nLu\u1eadt Gia Long (1815) v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e3 ra qui lu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 \u0111em tr\u1ea7u cau \u0111i h\u1ecfi cho ch\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tru\u1ea5t v\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 thi\u1ebfp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ee9 thi\u1ebfp l\u00ean vai ch\u00ednh th\u1ea5t.
\n* V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n<\/strong>
\nQTHL cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ngang quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng.
\nQTHL Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n
\n– Phu t\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n b\u00ean nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng cho
\n– Th\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 v\u1ee3 cho
\nV\u00e0\u00a0:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – T\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n do hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m ra.
\nTheo QTHL tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n th\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1eeda t\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 con th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn quy\u1ec1n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chia cho c\u00e1c con khi b\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1, b\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y b\u00e1n gia s\u1ea3n l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1c con, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi can thi\u1ec7p.
\nC\u0169ng theo QTHL trong m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mua b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n, v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch B\u00e1o Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh,\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1eed \u2013 Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xb.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0169 Bi\u1ec1n, M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 N\u1ed9i San H\u1ed9i \u00c1i H\u1eefu D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u0129 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1 Xu\u00e2n \u1ea4t H\u1ee3i 1995.<\/em>
\nV\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ch\u1ea5t, V\u1ebb vang d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 I (1992), II (1993) xb t\u1ea1i California.<\/em>
\nHu\u1ef3nh B\u00edch C\u1ea9m, T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. \u00c1i H\u1eefu Gia Long. K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu xu\u00e2n Nh\u00e2m Th\u00e2n.<\/em>
\nCao Th\u1ebf Dung, V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 Tr\u00edch b\u00e1o L\u1eeda Vi\u1ec7t.<\/em>
\nV\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, V\u0103n h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh VN, Nh\u00e0 xb V\u0103n h\u00f3a D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, VN 1998<\/em>
\nPhan Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Dung (Nam \u00dac): \u0110\u1ee9c d\u1ee5c trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u00dac Ch\u00e2u th\u00e1ng 4\/1995. \u0110\u1eb7c san s\u1ed1 7. H\u1ed9i \u00c1i H\u1eefu v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Paris.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ecb H\u1ea3o: Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, nh\u00e0 xb Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1998.<\/em>
\nNguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Huy: Phi\u00ean \u00c2m, d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch Qu\u1ed1c Tri\u1ec1u H\u00ecnh Lu\u1eadt \u2013 Q.A Viet Publisher Th\u01b0 qu\u00e1n xb, 1989.<\/em>
\nTr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim: Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c xb, Saigon, 1971.<\/em>
\nPh\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh: \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta \u2013 Nam Phong, s\u1ed1 82, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1924.<\/em>
\nL\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c: Gia Hu\u1ea5n Ca (x\u01b0a ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Xin ghi r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n ( tr\u00edch t\u1eeb blog Ho\u00e0ng Lan Chi ) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G.S. Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Nhung D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ed1n coi tr\u1ecdng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phm-th-nhung"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1DQbJ-cD","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=783"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8892,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/783\/revisions\/8892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}