{"id":788,"date":"2011-07-26T01:42:48","date_gmt":"2011-07-26T01:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/?p=788"},"modified":"2016-09-18T18:46:38","modified_gmt":"2016-09-18T08:46:38","slug":"788","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/?p=788","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Nhung-Nh\u1eefng H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt Trong Ca Dao"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Xin ghi r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n ( tr\u00edch t\u1eeb blog Ho\u00e0ng Lan Chi ) <\/strong><\/em><\/h1>\n

G.S. PH\u1ea0M TH\u1eca NHUNG<\/h1>\n

Ca dao thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f4m na, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd trong s\u00e1ng, v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u thanh tho\u00e1t, phong ph\u00fa; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m l\u00ean, h\u00e1t l\u00ean theo gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ca dao ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c do nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p nam n\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp sinh ho\u1ea1t d\u00e2n ca c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i h\u00e8, nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed vui ch\u01a1i, hay trong nh\u1eefng khi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho qu\u00ean b\u1edbt m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e2u ca dao nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m, ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1y, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0a h\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0:” th\u1eddi… \u00ed a” , ” t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng…m\u00e0”, ” l\u00fd tang l\u00fd tang t\u00ecnh tang, \u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0…t\u00ecnh \u00ec i , \u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0…t\u00ecnh \u00ec i” , ” \u00f4i t\u00ecnh …a \u00ed a “, hay ” \u1ea7u \u01a1…”, ” \u1ea1 \u01a1i \u01a1i,\u00a0 \u1ea1 \u01a1\u00ec \u1eddi”…, ca dao li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ca v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng giai \u0111i\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 h\u00e1t tr\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n, quan h\u1ecd B\u1eafc Ninh, h\u00e1t l\u00fd,\u00a0 h\u00f2 ch\u00e8o ghe, ru em…<\/p>\n

Ca dao c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ca dao c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i do gi\u1edbi nho s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia, hay v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ed9, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam l\u1eafm b\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, ca dao x\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. D\u1eabu sao ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 thi ca, h\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c n\u00ean. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 hay, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ngay; b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung l\u1eabn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ca dao \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00eam b\u1edbt, ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m quan chung c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ca dao hay m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1i ri\u00eang l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ca dao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang h\u00f3a, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.
\nV\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat cho h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh, h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u ca dao c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, hay na n\u00e1 nh\u01b0 nhau.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Qua \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u1ea3 n\u00f3n tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00ecnh bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00f3i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau<\/em>
\nC\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khen hay r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0:
\nQua c\u1ea7u ng\u1ea3 n\u00f3n tr\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u1ea7u bao nhi\u00eau nh\u1ecbp, d\u1ea1 em s\u1ea7u b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/em>
\n\u00a0-Qua \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u1ea3 n\u00f3n tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed3ng bao nhi\u00eau l\u00faa, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau<\/em>.
\nv.v. v\u00e0 v.v …
\nNh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ca dao\u00a0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m. R\u1ea5t may s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ca dao kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea9y sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ee9 l\u1ea1; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ca dao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ri\u00eang.
\nT.D. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng T\u00f4 v\u1eeba trong v\u1eeba m\u00e1t<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Em gh\u00e9 thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eadu s\u00e1t thuy\u1ec1n anh.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 D\u1eebng ch\u00e8o mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh<\/em>
\n\u00a0 S\u00f4ng bao nhi\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/em>
\nM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh theo l\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u00fang x\u00f4n xao l\u1ea1, ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y nhau, c\u1ea3nh d\u1eabn t\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh tr\u00e0n l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1i r\u00f3i, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho b\u00e0i ca dao. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1i chung, ca dao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, b\u00e0i ca dao ch\u1ea3 c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ri\u00eang \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ca dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 hai th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong kho t\u00e0ng ca dao phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

A. NH\u1eeeNG H\u00ccNH TH\u1ee8C NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT TRONG CA DAO TR\u1eee T\u00ccNH<\/strong>
\nCa dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ca dao do c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1eddi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng, k\u00fd th\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1ef1.
\n\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n, ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau:
\nI. S\u1ef0 C\u1ea4U T\u1ee8 V\u00c0 C\u00c1C PH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8C DI\u1ec4N \u0110\u1ea0T
\nS\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.
\nSau khi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u00fd t\u1ee9, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh… t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t sao cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.
\nTrong ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ph\u00fa, th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u1ec9.
\n1. TH\u1ec2 PH\u00da
\nPh\u00fa l\u00e0 ph\u00f4 b\u1ea7y, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Ph\u00f4 b\u1ea7y, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u00a0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean… Ph\u00fa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.
\nV\u00ec ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, hay chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i (d\u00f9 th\u1eadt hay h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u1ea6U \u0110\u00ccNH<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

H\u00f4m qua t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00ecnh
\nB\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00e1o tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh hoa sen.
\nEm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec cho anh xin
\nHay l\u00e0 em \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tin trong nh\u00e0?
\n\u00c1o anh s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0
\nV\u1ee3 anh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 ch\u01b0a kh\u00e2u.
\n\u00c1o anh s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u
\nMai m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f4 \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 kh\u00e2u cho c\u00f9ng.
\nKh\u00e2u r\u1ed3i anh s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng
\n\u00cdt n\u1eefa l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng anh l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap cho.
\nGi\u00fap em m\u1ed9t th\u00fang s\u00f4i v\u00f2
\nM\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n b\u00e9o, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2 r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u0103m
\nGi\u00fap em \u0111\u00f4i chi\u1ebfu em n\u1eb1m
\n\u0110\u00f4i ch\u0103n em \u0111\u1eafp, \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1eb1m em \u0111eo
\nGi\u00fap em quan t\u00e1m ti\u1ec1n cheo<\/em>
\nQuan n\u0103m ti\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8o bu\u1ed3ng cau.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00e1t N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00d0\u1ea7u \u00d0\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao l\u00e0m theo th\u1ec3 ph\u00fa lo\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n.
\n\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi c\u00f4 g\u00e1i, ch\u00e0ng trai m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb qu\u00ean \u00e1o, h\u1ecfi xin; nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u00e2n,\u00a0 r\u1ed3i l\u00e2n la ng\u1ecf \u00fd c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n.
\nV\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 ph\u00fa lo\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1ng chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t.
\n+ Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1ng chuy\u1ec7n: Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hay, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u1edbp lang, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1o h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u b\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd th\u00fa:
\nB\u1ed1n c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u (1-4): Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00e0ng trai m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb qu\u00ean \u00e1o, h\u1ecfi xin \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft chuy\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i \u01b0\u1edbm t\u00ecnh.
\nHai c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp (5-6): Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00e0ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb \u201c\u00e1o s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u gia c\u1ea3nh: c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0.
\nHai c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp (7-8): Ch\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb \u201c\u00e1o s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u\u201d ch\u01b0a ai kh\u00e2u cho \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.
\nT\u00e1m c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i (9-16): Sau h\u1ebft, ch\u00e0ng c\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00ednh l\u1ec5 trong ng\u00e0y r\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2u, t\u1ee9c ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.
\n+ Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t: T\u00e0i d\u1ef1ng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 hay m\u00e0 t\u00e0i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f2n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o:
\nB\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt linh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1eeba th\u00e2n m\u1eadt vui v\u1ebb, v\u1eeba d\u00ed d\u1ecfm l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n; nh\u1edd v\u1eady, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00e0ng trai k\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f3t:
\nCh\u00e0ng trai m\u1edf l\u1eddi l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00f4 g\u00e1i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp) b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u00e1o:
\nH\u00f4m qua t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00e1o…<\/em>
\nV\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng k\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian\u00a0: h\u00f4m qua, \u0111i\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0: \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do\u00a0: \u0111i t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc… khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4 g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3y may nghi ng\u1edd, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vui v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nghe ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00e0ng.
\nNh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00e0ng v\u1eeba h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft \u2013 tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh hoa sen<\/em> \u2013 th\u00ec v\u1edbi linh gi\u00e1c b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay t\u00ecnh \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng: mu\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb qu\u00ean \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh!
\nHi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00e1o b\u1ecf qu\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai v\u1eaft \u00e1o tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh hoa sen, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf, r\u1ed7ng \u201ctrong th\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i th\u1eb3ng\u201d d\u1ec5 g\u1eaby; n\u1ebfu v\u1eaft \u00e1o l\u00ean, c\u00e0nh g\u1eaby , \u00e1o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u01b0\u1edbt h\u1ebft ?\u00a0Hu\u1ed1ng chi\u00a0 trong thi ca b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta x\u01b0a nay, c\u00e1i \u00e1o v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u00ecnh \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb y\u00eau nhau, nh\u01b0:
\n\u00a0 Y\u00eau nhau c\u1edfi \u00e1o cho nhau<\/em>
\n\u00a0 V\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u1eb9 h\u1ecfi, qua c\u1ea7u gi\u00f3 bay.<\/em>
\n(\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u00e1o t\u01a1i, k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 g\u1ed3i, lo\u1ea1i \u00e1o kho\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng khi m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, r\u00e9t m\u01b0\u1edbt).
\nHay:
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 Ph\u00f2ng khi em nh\u1edb, c\u1ea7m tay \u0111\u1ee1 bu\u1ed3n<\/em>.<\/p>\n

–\u00c1o x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng v\u1eaft m\u1eafc<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d0\u00eam em n\u1eb1m em \u0111\u1eafp l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i…<\/em>
\nv.v…
\n\u00d0\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1i \u00e1o b\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng trai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eaft – tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh hoa sen -,<\/em> ch\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ebf. L\u1eddi tuy ba hoa \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u00ec tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u00ean th\u01a1 bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f4 g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, xao xuy\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac c\u00f4 n\u00e0ng c\u00f2n \u0111ang th\u1eb9n th\u00f9ng, l\u00fang t\u00fang…, ch\u00e0ng\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ngay:
\nEm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec cho anh xin<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Hay l\u00e0 em \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tin trong nh\u00e0?<\/em>
\nTrong l\u1eddi h\u1ecfi xin, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, ch\u00e0ng trai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 \u201cem, anh\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn; c\u00f2n l\u1eddi th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u00ec\u00a0 gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u \u1ee1m \u1edd, n\u1eeda \u0111\u00f9a n\u1eeda th\u1eadt, n\u1eeda c\u00f3 \u00fd tr\u00eau gh\u1eb9o, n\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, v\u01a1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh t\u1ee9. C\u00f4 g\u00e1i\u00a0\u00a0 tr\u00e1nh sao kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecf m\u1eb7t, ngu\u00fdt y\u00eau!
\nTh\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu chuy\u1ec7n, ch\u00e0ng b\u00e8n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb \u201c\u00e1o s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 th\u1ec9 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh:
\n\u00c1o anh s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0 V\u1ee3 anh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 ch\u01b0a kh\u00e2u.<\/em>
\nCh\u00e0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f4 b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\u00a0 n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 y\u00ean l\u00f2ng. \u00d0\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh n\u00f3i ra c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 v\u1eafng v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai s\u0103n s\u00f3c, nh\u1eefng mong g\u1ee3i l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n , r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n vu\u1ed1t ve t\u1ef1 \u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tin y\u00eau, nh\u1edd c\u1eady kh\u00e2u \u00e1o:
\n\u00c1o anh s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Mai m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f4 \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 kh\u00e2u cho c\u00f9ng.<\/em>
\nNh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00e0ng trai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 \u201cc\u00f4 \u1ea5y\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1eadp m\u1edd, n\u1eeda k\u00edn n\u1eeda h\u1edf…\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, v\u1eeba gi\u00fap ch\u00e0ng\u00a0 c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may c\u00f4 n\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
\nCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, bi\u1ebft \u201cc\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafn c\u00e2u\u201d (im l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ?), ch\u00e0ng trai vin ngay v\u00e0o c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n s\u00ednh l\u1ec5 d\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0:
\nKh\u00e2u r\u1ed3i anh s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng <\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u00cdt n\u1eefa l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng anh l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap cho.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Gi\u00fap em m\u1ed9t th\u00fang x\u00f4i v\u00f2<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n b\u00e9o m\u1ed9t v\u00f2 r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u0103m<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Gi\u00fap em \u0111\u00f4i chi\u1ebfu em n\u1eb1m<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u00d0\u00f4i ch\u0103n em \u0111\u1eafp, \u0111\u00f4i tr\u1eb1m em \u0111eo.<\/em>
\nV\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean ng\u1ea7m b\u1eadt m\u00ed cho ai bi\u1ebft, ch\u00fa r\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ec1n n\u1ed9p cheo, ti\u1ec1n d\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi bu\u1ed3ng cau trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng:
\nGi\u00fap em quan t\u00e1m ti\u1ec1n cheo<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Quan n\u0103m ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8o bu\u1ed3ng cau.<\/em>
\n\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, gi\u1ecdng ch\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7p ng\u1eef\u00a0 “gi\u00fap em” “gi\u00fap em” “gi\u00fap em”, v\u1edbi “m\u1ed9t” “m\u1ed9t” “m\u1ed9t”, r\u1ed3i “\u0111\u00f4i” “\u0111\u00f4i” “\u0111\u00f4\u1ec9” xen k\u1ebd nhau, d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y nhau, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00f2ng h\u00e2n hoan, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng khi tin ch\u1eafc l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong t\u1ea7m tay.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cb\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u00e1o\u201d trong b\u00e0i ca dao T\u00e1t N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea7u \u0110\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf, c\u00e1i \u00e1o b\u1ecf qu\u00ean kia c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi xin? N\u1ebfu th\u1eadt, th\u00ec ai b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i m\u01b0\u1ee3n kh\u00e2u? T\u00e0 \u00e1o d\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e2u h\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng! Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, d\u00ed d\u1ecfm \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng trai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong s\u00e1ng, th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb1m th\u1eafm c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, b\u00e0i ca dao tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1ng chuy\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1eady.
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ee5i, \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1edd<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u01af\u1edbt c\u00e2y, \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e1, ai ng\u1edd \u01b0\u1edbt em.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a r\u1ea3 r\u00edch qua \u0111\u00eam<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Th\u1ea5y em gian kh\u1ed5, anh th\u00eam n\u00e3o l\u00f2ng<\/em>.
\nB\u00e0i ca dao \u201cTr\u1eddi m\u01b0a\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo th\u1ec3 ph\u00fa, v\u1eeba t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh, v\u1eeba t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.
\nHai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u (1-2) t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a d\u1ea7m d\u1ec1 qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. B\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u201c\u01b0\u1edbt\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e2u \u201cTr\u1eddi m\u01b0a \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ee5i \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1edd, \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e2y \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e1<\/em>\u201d ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i, \u01b0\u1edbt \u00e1t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean. B\u1ea5t ng\u1edd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9i m\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t th\u1ed1t l\u00ean\u00a0: \u201cai ng\u1edd \u01b0\u1edbt em<\/em>!\u201d
\nL\u1eddi than \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e8 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a, tr\u1eddi gi\u00f3 kia l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecda c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u1ea3m m\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u00f2n m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0103n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh \u0111i ngo\u00e0i m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y b\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m.
\nC\u00e2u 3: c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0a r\u1ea3 r\u00edch. Ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng m\u01b0a r\u01a1i nghe c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00eam b\u1ee9t r\u1ee9t, xao xuy\u1ebfn v\u00ec x\u00f3t xa cho ai… T\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed7ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eadt d\u1eady, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua l\u1eddi th\u1edf than tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:
\nTr\u1eddi m\u01b0a r\u1ea3 r\u00edch qua \u0111\u00eam<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Th\u1ea5y em gian kh\u1ed5, anh th\u00eam n\u00e3o l\u00f2ng.<\/em>
\nC\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i, c\u1ea3nh \u201ctr\u1eddi m\u01b0a r\u1ea3 r\u00edch<\/em>\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd so s\u00e1nh hay nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, trong l\u00f2ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 n\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi.
\n2. TH\u1ec2 H\u1ee8NG
\nTh\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ca dao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i c\u00e2u t\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi x\u00fac c\u1ea3m sinh t\u00ecnh, mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f3c mai s\u1ee3i v\u1eafn, s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u1ea5y nhau ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb7ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m<\/em>.
\nH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c mai d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh duy\u00ean tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh chung th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nS\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00ec sao c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00caM BU\u1ed2N<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u0110\u00eam qua ra \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1edd ao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00f4ng c\u00e1 c\u00e1 l\u1eb7n, tr\u00f4ng sao sao m\u1edd.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Bu\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng con nh\u1ec7n gi\u0103ng t\u01a1<\/em>
\n\u00a0Nh\u1ec7n \u01a1i nh\u1ec7n h\u1ee1i nh\u1ec7n ch\u1edd m\u1ed1i ai?<\/em>
\nBu\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh ch\u1ebfch sao mai
\n\u00a0 Sao \u01a1i sao h\u1ee1i nh\u1edb ai sao m\u1edd?<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00eam t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Chu\u00f4i sao tinh \u0111\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 ba n\u0103m tr\u00f2n.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00e1 m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng m\u00f2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, h\u00e3y c\u00f2n tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00eam Bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao l\u00e0m theo th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng, v\u1eeba t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng, v\u1eeba m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n nh\u1edb tha thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111i v\u1eafng xa, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u\u00a0\u00a0 ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00eam qu\u00e1 nh\u1edb ch\u1ed3ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh, ly ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e8n tr\u1edf d\u1eady ra v\u01b0\u1eddn, \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean b\u1edd ao, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt mong khu\u00e2y kh\u1ecfa ch\u00fat l\u00f2ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3.
\nB\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m hai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh:
\n\u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u 6 c\u00e2u (1-6)
\nHai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u (1-2)
\n\u0110\u00eam qua ra \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1edd ao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00f4ng c\u00e1 c\u00e1 l\u1eb7n, tr\u00f4ng sao sao m\u1edd<\/em>.
\nC\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng ly ph\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u01b0a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3nh \u201cc\u00e1 l\u1eb7n\u201d, \u201csao m\u1edd\u201d, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fac n\u00e0y sao c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng u bu\u1ed3n, s\u1ea7u l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ly ph\u1ee5\u00a0?\u201cC\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft tha l\u00f2ng\u201d, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean nhau; c\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed3n g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m n\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u00eam, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u00e3i… cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00e0n l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh (\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1 sau).
\nB\u1ed1n c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp (3-6) H\u1ee9ng:
\nBu\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng con nh\u1ec7n gi\u0103ng t\u01a1<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1ec7n \u01a1i nh\u1ec7n h\u1ee1i nh\u1ec7n ch\u1edd m\u1ed1i ai?<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Bu\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh ch\u1ebfch sao mai<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Sao \u01a1i sao h\u1ee1i nh\u1edb ai sao m\u1edd?<\/em>
\nHai t\u1eeb \u201cbu\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1y \u0111i l\u00e1y l\u1ea1i cho ta th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u00ecn qua con t\u00e2m l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, con t\u00e2m s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a ly ph\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do c\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed3n g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, \u0111ang da di\u1ebft bu\u1ed3n nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e0ng.
\n– Nh\u1ec7n \u01a1i, nh\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai m\u00e0 gi\u0103ng t\u01a1 l\u00f2ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i?
\n– Sao \u01a1i, sao th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai m\u00e0 m\u1eaft l\u1ec7 m\u1edd th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c?
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n n\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng. C\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ly ph\u1ee5 l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.
\n\u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u (7-10)
\nHai c\u00e2u tr\u00ean (7-8)
\n\u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00eam t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Chu\u00f4i sao tinh \u0111\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 ba n\u0103m tr\u00f2n.<\/em>
\nH\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00eam ly ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0u Lang Ch\u1ee9c N\u1eef ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng xa l\u00eca nhau. V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Ng\u00e2u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp m\u00f9ng b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y, khi \u0111\u00e0n chim \u00f4 th\u01b0\u1edbc bay v\u1ec1, gi\u0103ng c\u00e1nh b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p. H\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0ng c\u0169ng d\u00f5i nh\u00ecn b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, nh\u1ea9m t\u00ednh, chu\u00f4i sao b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 quay \u0111\u1ee7 ba v\u00f2ng, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ba n\u0103m v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0ng xa c\u00e1ch.
\nHuy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i x\u01b0a c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m, khi\u1ebfn ly ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ea1nh ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nHai c\u00e2u ch\u00f3t (9-10) H\u1ee9ng:
\n–\u0110\u00e1 m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng m\u00f2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea* n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, h\u00e3y c\u00f2n tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1.<\/em>
\nNgh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ly ph\u1ee5 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u1edfi h\u1ee9ng, mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u1ee7y chung, keo s\u01a1n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi xa v\u1eafng.
\nN\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y m\u00e3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f2n, th\u1eddi gian qua m\u00e3i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f4i pha; ri\u00eang ly ph\u1ee5 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau son s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd suy gi\u1ea3m( Hai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1ec9).
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i ca dao \u0110\u00eam Bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng. Hai c\u00e2u (1-2) t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u (7-8) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 xa c\u00e1ch, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00e0ng ly ph\u1ee5 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o, khi th\u00ec gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua c\u1ea3nh bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, khi th\u00ec tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trung th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd phai l\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a cho to\u00e0n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng trong b\u00e0i \u0110\u00eam Bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.
\n* T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai ch\u00e2n n\u00fai, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t con su\u1ed1i t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng, mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau son s\u1eaft, th\u1ee7y chung c\u1ee7a ly ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng xa c\u00e1ch.
\nN\u1ebfu b\u00e0i \u0110\u00eam Bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng u bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a bao kh\u00e1ch nam nhi n\u1eb7ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, th\u00ec con su\u1ed1i T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea s\u1ebd l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.
\n3. TH\u1ec2 T\u1ec8<\/strong>
\nT\u1ec9 l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh. Ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t \u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ec9, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, gi\u00fap cho \u00fd t\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00eam r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb.
\nC\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh:
\n+ So s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.
\nT.D. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0T\u00ecnh anh nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2ng cao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 T\u00ecnh em nh\u01b0 d\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9m h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em>
\nC\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i nam n\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u tha thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c.
\nH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u r\u1ea7n r\u1ea7n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean, \u0111ang\u00a0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201cd\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9m h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef, tuy \u1edf th\u1ebf th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, v\u1eeba d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, v\u1eeba th\u1eafm thi\u1ebft n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n. T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0o so s\u00e1nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.
\n+ So s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m. L\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u1ed1i tr\u00ean.
\nC\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 :
\n*Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a, l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho \u00fd t\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0m s\u00fac.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thuy\u1ec1n anh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1c l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u01b0\u1ee3n em d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm l\u00e0m d\u00e2y k\u00e9o thuy\u1ec1n.<\/em>
\nCh\u1ee3t nghe ta th\u1ea5y sao m\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd th\u1ebf. Thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, anh ch\u00e2n ch\u00e8o th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2y ch\u00e3o (d\u00e2y th\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i to, b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc) v\u00e0o m\u0169i thuy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i nh\u1ea9y l\u00ean b\u1edd, d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y m\u00e0 k\u00e9o m\u1edbi mong \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean\u00a0; v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e1c, anh ch\u00e2n ch\u00e8o l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 n\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 hai s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y nh\u1ecf, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfc y\u1ebfm v\u1ea3i, r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 che ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ee5ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i.
\nS\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd \u1ea5y cho ta hi\u1ec3u ngay r\u1eb1ng, d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm, hay n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1i y\u1ebfm, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u1eafn b\u00f3 thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nhan s\u1eafc c\u00f4 g\u00e1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u ca dao l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f3.
\n\u201cD\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, th\u00ec \u201cthuy\u1ec1n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e1c\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u0169ng mang \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf. \u201cThuy\u1ec1n\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n t\u00ecnh, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bao gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. C\u00f2n \u201cth\u00e1c\u201d \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i chung.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u00fd tr\u1ecdn c\u00e2u ca dao nh\u01b0 sau: Anh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu bao nhi\u00eau kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c, v\u01b0\u1ee3t bao nhi\u00eau kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c em. Anh y\u00eau em. Anh c\u1ea7u xin t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a em, gi\u00fap anh th\u00eam ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bao nhi\u00eau gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c n\u1eefa trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.
\nT\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 qua ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.
\n*Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u00a0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a – l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n cho c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt\u00a0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng… c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ed1i so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e0ng th\u00eam s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –Kh\u0103n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Kh\u0103n r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Kh\u0103n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Kh\u0103n v\u1eaft l\u00ean vai.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Kh\u0103n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai <\/em>
\n\u00a0 Kh\u0103n ch\u00f9i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00e8n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng t\u1eaft.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u1eaft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1eaft ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00eam qua em nh\u1eefng lo phi\u1ec1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Lo v\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1.<\/em>
\n\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u0103n, \u0111\u00e8n, m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a; ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u0111ang mang tr\u00e1i tim th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi bao n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, lo bu\u1ed3n x\u1ed1n xang.
\nHai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 cho th\u1ea5y n\u00e0ng \u0111ang th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfm lo l\u1eafng, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed1i duy\u00ean t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ai kia c\u00f2n g\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf.
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i kh\u0103n, \u0111\u00e8n, m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00e0ng \u0111ang th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau xa c\u00e1ch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi theo c\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 lo bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111ang mang t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n nh\u1edb nhung, lo \u00e2u nh\u01b0 n\u00e0ng.
\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 qua l\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.
\n* H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 .Trong ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y \u1edf tr\u00ean. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 \u201ccon c\u00f2\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 \u1edf th\u00f4n qu\u00ea:
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Con c\u00f2 l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i b\u1edd s\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 G\u00e1nh g\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ed3ng, ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c n\u1ec9 non.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Con c\u00f2 m\u00e0 \u0111i \u0103n \u0111\u00eam<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1eadu ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0nh m\u1ec1m, l\u1ed9n c\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng ao.<\/em>
\nHay nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 : ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \/ ho\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea1n \/ \u00e9n, b\u01b0\u1edbm \/ hoa, m\u1eadn \/ \u0111\u00e0o, mai \/ tr\u00fac, thuy\u1ec1n \/ b\u1ebfn v.v… \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n chung t\u00ecnh.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u00ean duy\u00ean k\u1ef3 ng\u1ed9 g\u1eb7p ch\u00e0ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 Kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p nhau.<\/em>
\n\u00a0– Nh\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ec3 b\u1eafc nh\u1ea1n \u01a1i<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 Bao thu\u1edf nh\u1ea1n h\u1ed3i, k\u1ebbo \u00e9n \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0– Ai l\u00e0m cho b\u01b0\u1edbm l\u00eca hoa<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 Cho chim xanh n\u1ee1 bay qua v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed3ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0– \u01af\u1edbc g\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o v\u1ee3, m\u1eadn ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1eadn nh\u1edb, n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean.<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o n\u00ean m\u1eadn ch\u1eb3ng qu\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o n\u00ean m\u1eadn ng\u1eadm phi\u1ec1n nh\u1edb mong<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o n\u00ean m\u1eadn long \u0111ong<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 Xin \u0111\u00e0o ch\u1edb \u1edf ra l\u00f2ng b\u1eafc nam.<\/em>
\n\u00a0– Ai \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y h\u1ee1i ai<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0 Hay l\u00e0 tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb mai, \u0111i t\u00ecm.<\/em>
\n– Thuy\u1ec1n \u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1edb b\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u1ebfn th\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee3i thuy\u1ec1n.<\/em>
\nv.v…
\nS\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch 3 th\u1ec3: ph\u00fa – h\u1ee9ng – t\u1ec9 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng , ch\u1edb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1,\u00a0\u00a0 c\u1ea3 2 ho\u1eb7c 3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao.<\/p>\n

4. L\u1ed0I K\u1ebeT C\u1ea4U THU H\u1eb8P D\u1ea6N \u0110\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG V\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0M K\u1ebeT<\/strong>
\nNgo\u00e0i ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00fa, h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec9, ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y l\u1eafm b\u00e0i ca dao c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –Anh \u0111i, anh nh\u1edb qu\u00ea nh\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1edb canh rau mu\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edb c\u00e0 d\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1edb ai d\u00e3i n\u1eafng d\u1ea7m s\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1edb ai t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4m nao.<\/em>
\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i l\u00e2u n\u1eefa, ch\u00e0ng trai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bao n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nhung v\u00e2y b\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ch\u00e0ng c\u00f3 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e3i b\u00e0y t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i , tuy chung l\u00e0ng, chung x\u00f3m, m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9.
\nTrong su\u1ed1t 4 c\u00e2u ca dao t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng trai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ng\u1eef \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn 5 l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 ra theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n. T\u1eeb n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa c\u01a1m thanh \u0111\u1ea1m m\u00e0 ngon v\u1edbi \u201ccanh rau mu\u1ed1ng<\/em>\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e0 d\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>\u201d. Hai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i, n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng trai thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2013 Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ed7i \u201cnh\u1edb ai<\/em>\u201d trong c\u00e2u ba v\u1eabn l\u00e0 phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9, b\u00f3ng gi\u00f3, xa x\u00f4i; ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u ch\u00f3t, n\u1ed7i \u201cnh\u1edb ai<\/em>\u201d m\u1edbi th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cnh\u1edb ai t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4m nao<\/em>\u201d, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.
\nL\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

5. L\u1ed0I K\u1ebeT C\u1ea4U G\u1ee2I M\u1ede<\/strong>
\nB\u00e0i ca dao \u0110\u00eam Bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y \u1edf tr\u00ean (\u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng) c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ee3i m\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.
\nT\u1eeb s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng: trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam bu\u1ed3n nh\u1edb ch\u1ed3ng xa v\u1eafng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1edf d\u1eady ra b\u1edd ao ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt cho khu\u00e2y kh\u1ecfa n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng:
\n– \u0110\u00eam qua ra \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1edd ao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00f4ng c\u00e1 c\u00e1 l\u1eb7n, tr\u00f4ng sao sao m\u1edd.<\/em>
\nN\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, th\u1eafm th\u00eda h\u01a1n:
\n– Bu\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng con nh\u1ec7n gi\u0103ng t\u01a1<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1ec7n \u01a1i nh\u1ec7n h\u1ee1i nh\u1ec7n ch\u1edd m\u1ed1i ai?<\/em>
\n– Bu\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh ch\u1ebfch sao mai<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Sao \u01a1i sao h\u1ee1i nh\u1edb ai sao m\u1edd?<\/em>
\n– \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00eam t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Chu\u00f4i sao tinh \u0111\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 ba n\u0103m tr\u00f2n.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ebfn hai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i:
\n– \u0110\u00e1 m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng m\u00f2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, h\u00e3y c\u00f2n tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1.<\/em>
\nTa th\u1ea5y hai c\u00e2u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft \u00fd to\u00e0n b\u00e0i theo c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n nh\u1edb tr\u1ea7m thi\u1ebft trong l\u00f2ng ly ph\u1ee5 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u00fd th\u01a1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi xa v\u1eafng\u00a0 .
\nT\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1ee7y chung, son s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian:
\n– \u0110\u00e1 m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng m\u00f2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, h\u00e3y c\u00f2n tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1.<\/em>
\n6. PH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8C DI\u1ec4N \u0110\u1ea0T GI\u00c1N TI\u1ebeP B\u1eb0NG C\u00c1CH M\u01af\u1ee2N CHUY\u1ec6N N\u00c0Y \u0110\u1ec2 \u00c1M CH\u1ec8 CHUY\u1ec6N KIA
\nCa dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u00f2n hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u1eefa l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ca dao m\u1edbi suy ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u201ctr\u00f4ng\u201d, s\u1ef1 \u201ctr\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1t gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u2019\u2019nh\u1edb\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

T.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y em \u0111\u1ee9ng em tr\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00f4ng non non ng\u1ea5t, tr\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i. <\/em>
\nTr\u00f4ng m\u00e2y, m\u00e2y k\u00e9o ngang tr\u1eddi<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00f4ng tr\u0103ng tr\u0103ng khuy\u1ebft, tr\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d, n\u1ed7i \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1t gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m \u2018\u2019y\u00eau\u2019\u2019.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Nh\u1edb ai em nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3c th\u1ea7m<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Hai h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1edb ai ra ng\u1ea9n, v\u00e0o ng\u01a1<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1edb ai, ai nh\u1edb, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1edb ai.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khi ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh \u00fd g\u1eedi g\u1ea5m v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n.
\nT.D.1<\/p>\n

–T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0103n ph\u1ea3i mi\u1ebfng tr\u1ea7u<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Mi\u1ec7ng \u0103n m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecf, d\u1ea1 s\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103m chi\u00eau<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c d\u1ea5u hay b\u00f9a y\u00eau<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u00e0m cho thi\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u00f3t xa.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u00e0m cho qu\u00ean m\u1eb9, qu\u00ean cha<\/em>
\nL\u00e0m cho qu\u00ean c\u1eeda, qu\u00ean nh\u00e0\u00a0<\/em>
\n L\u00e0m cho qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra, l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u00e0m cho qu\u00ean c\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi ao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Qu\u00ean s\u00f4ng t\u1eafm m\u00e1t, qu\u00ean sao tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi.<\/em>
\nB\u00e0i ca dao tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d n\u1ed7i \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ng\u1eef \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn 8 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 qu\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u201cqu\u00ean cha, qu\u00ean m\u1eb9\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ean h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00fa vui v\u1ea7y c\u00f9ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1eb1ng \u01b0a th\u00edch. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e0ng n\u00f3i \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u00fd \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tim \u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0o len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft, ma l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T.D.2
\n– Nh\u1edb x\u01b0a anh b\u1ee7ng, anh beo<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tay n\u00e2ng ch\u00e9n thu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8o m\u00fai chanh.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh t\u1ed1t, anh l\u00e0nh<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Anh \u00e2u duy\u00ean m\u1edbi, anh \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 t\u00f4i.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u n\u1eb7n ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean n\u1ed3i<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0Ch\u00e0ng \u0111i l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfp t\u00f4i \u0111i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ch\u00e0ng \u0111i l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 c\u00e1ch s\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Thi\u1ebfp t\u00f4i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng l\u1ea5y con \u00f4ng l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ph\u00f2ng khi ch\u00e0ng c\u00f3 sang \u0111\u00f2<\/em>
\nS\u00f4ng s\u00e2u, s\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebfp lo cho ch\u00e0ng.
\nN\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ru\u1ed3ng r\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u00f3i kh\u00f4n ngoan, bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i \u201cly\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1ee3p\u201d, m\u00e0 n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u g\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tan n\u00e1t\u00a0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh; v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1eeba g\u00e2y th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a keo s\u01a1n g\u1eafn b\u00f3.
\nB\u1ed1n c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u (1-4) n\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng l\u00eanh t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng khi ch\u00e0ng \u0111au \u1ed1m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1edb tr\u00e1ch ai kia nay \u0111ang t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5 r\u1eaby n\u00e0ng.
\nS\u00e1u c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp (5-10) n\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec7n chia ly \u201cCh\u00e0ng \u0111i l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfp t\u00f4i \u0111i<\/em> l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>\u201d, nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 theo th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh \u201c\u00f4ng \u0103n ch\u1ea3, b\u00e0 \u0103n nem\u201d, nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c:
\n– Anh \u0111i l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 c\u00e1ch s\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 T\u00f4i \u0111i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00f5 nh\u00e0 anh.<\/em>
\nm\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129, v\u00ec th\u00e2n c\u00f4, th\u1ebf c\u00f4, b\u01a1 v\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a:
\n-\u201cThi\u1ebfp t\u00f4i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng l\u1ea5y con \u00f4ng l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2<\/em>\u201d.
\nH\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u201cl\u1ea5y con \u00f4ng l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2<\/em>\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed3ng:
\n– Ph\u00f2ng khi ch\u00e0ng c\u00f3 sang \u0111\u00f2<\/em>
\n\u00a0 S\u00f4ng s\u00e2u, s\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebfp lo cho ch\u00e0ng<\/em>.
\nN\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t s\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd, n\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ly h\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u00fd ch\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf h\u1eafn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe n\u00e0ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 kh\u00fac nh\u00f4i. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i n\u1ee1 ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee7y chung, ch\u00ed t\u00ecnh, ch\u00ed ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ca dao n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i \u201cly\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft \u201ch\u1ee3p\u201d v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

7. TH\u1ec2 \u0110\u1ed0I \u0110\u00c1P<\/strong>
\nNh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p nam n\u1eef, do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. V\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ca dao d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p.
\nT.D. \u0110\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p hai v\u1ebf :
\n– V\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 cau non<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Anh th\u1ea5y em gi\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Hai m\u00e1 c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0C\u00e0ng nom c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn c\u00e0ng \u01b0a.<\/em>
\n– Anh \u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 con ch\u01b0a<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u00e0 anh \u0103n n\u00f3i gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 anh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i nao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 em t\u00ecm v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 thay anh.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t v\u1ebf\u00a0:
\n– H\u1ee1i c\u00f4 c\u1eaft c\u1ecf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Cho anh c\u1eaft v\u1edbi chung t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f4 c\u00f2n c\u1eaft n\u1eefa hay th\u00f4i<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Cho anh c\u1eaft v\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/em>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p (h\u00e1t gh\u1eb9o, h\u00e1t v\u00ed, tr\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n, c\u00f2 l\u1ea3, quan h\u1ecd…) ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ca dao truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef… \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n v\u0103n li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i lanh l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1 kh\u00f3, hay nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc m\u1ecf, \u0111ang s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n ra trong bu\u1ed5i h\u00e1t.
\n– \u0110\u1ed1 anh tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i sao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 D\u01b0\u1edbi ao c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y con c\u00e1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0 b\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng vua?<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y Nam B\u1eafc c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a,<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u00f4ng Ba m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o, b\u00e1n mua m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/em>
\n– \u1edai em \u01a1i! Ng\u00f3 l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n ng\u00f4i sao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 D\u01b0\u1edbi ao bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 con c\u00e1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0 b\u00e1 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u00f4ng vua<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y Nam B\u1eafc c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a<\/em>
\n\u00a0Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u00f4ng Ba, m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o, b\u00e1n mua hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em>
\nC\u00e2u 4 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng minh: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua d\u00f9ng thay cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n d\u00f9ng thay cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 ch\u1ee3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, k\u1ebb b\u00e1n ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef: c\u00e2u \u201cCh\u1ee3 \u0110\u00f4ng Ba m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o, b\u00e1n mua m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>?\u201d khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u1eaft \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c \u0111i nh\u01b0 \u201cCh\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f4ng ,ba; m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o, b\u00e1n mua m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>?\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1eb9o: \u201cCh\u1ee3 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o, b\u00e1n mua m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi?\u201d trong khi c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 ng\u1ea7m cho bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc:\u00a0 \u201cch\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d c\u00f3 \u201cba\u201d.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng minh lanh tr\u00ed l\u1eafm m\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e1n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i h\u1ecfi m\u1eb9o n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cCh\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f4ng, ba; m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o, b\u00e1n mua hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0 \u201cch\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d c\u00f3 \u201cba\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n mua, th\u00ec ch\u1ee3 \u2019\u2019m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o\u201d t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i v\u1eafng h\u01a1n, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cb\u00e1n mua hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang boong r\u1ed3i.
\nT.D.2.
\n– B\u00f4ng c\u00fac v\u00e0ng n\u1edf ra b\u00f4ng c\u00fac t\u00edm<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Em c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3 y\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i anh.<\/em>
\n– B\u00f4ng c\u00fac v\u00e0ng n\u1edf ra b\u00f4ng c\u00fac xanh<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Y\u1ebfm em, em m\u1eb7c, y\u1ebfm g\u00ec anh, anh \u0111\u00f2i.<\/em>
\nT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eb7ng y\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i y\u1ebfm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00f3i gi\u1ee1n ch\u01a1i, cho h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p hu\u00ea t\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 sao, ch\u00e0ng trai h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i y\u1ebfm c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay \u0111\u00f9a nh\u1ea3, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec h\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o b\u1ea3o c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1eb1ng t\u1ecbu v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, nay c\u00f4 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch c\u00f4 thay l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1. Ch\u1eb3ng may, anh g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4 g\u00e1i h\u00e1t \u0111\u00f4i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba. C\u00f4 g\u1ea1t ph\u0103ng chuy\u1ec7n vu kh\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o anh l\u00e0 b\u1ecba chuy\u1ec7n n\u00f3i l\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f4 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 l\u1ea5y ai, y\u00eau ai l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng c\u00fac v\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n n\u1edf ra m\u1ea7u g\u00ec, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ea7u xanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc m\u1edb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn anh m\u00e0 anh x\u00eda v\u00f4.
\nC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i mau l\u1eb9 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

8. TH\u1ec2 L\u1ee4C B\u00c1T V\u00c0 SONG TH\u1ea4T L\u1ee4C B\u00c1T<\/strong>
\nCa dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t, n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t v\u00e0 song th\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t.
\nTrong thi ca c\u1ee7a ta, th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t v\u1eeba c\u00f3 y\u00eau v\u1eadn (v\u1ea7n l\u01b0ng) v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn (v\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n); v\u00e0 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e2u t\u00e1m c\u00f3 2 v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu v\u1ea7n l\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 b\u00ecnh thanh (kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u) th\u00ec v\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh thanh (c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u huy\u1ec1n) ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, tr\u00e0n l\u00e0n.
\nTrong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ec3 song th\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t v\u1eeba c\u00f3 y\u00eau v\u1eadn, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n , n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng, l\u1eabn v\u1ea7n tr\u1eafc; th\u1ebf n\u00ean, khi ng\u00e2m l\u00ean, nghe b\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea7m r\u00e9o r\u1eaft, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\n\u1ede hai th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111an nhau qu\u1ea5n qu\u00edt, v\u1ea7n c\u00e2u tr\u00ean b\u1eaft xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ea7n c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft b\u00e0i; nh\u1edd v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m l\u00ean, h\u00e1t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 2,3,4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xen k\u1ebd nhau; c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 \u00e9o le, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m kh\u00fac m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ee4 T\u1ea6M XU\u00c2N
\n– Tr\u00e8o l\u00ean c\u00e2y b\u01b0\u1edfi h\u00e1i hoa<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e0 h\u00e1i n\u1ee5 t\u1ea7m xu\u00e2n.<\/em>
\nN\u1ee5 t\u1ea7m xu\u00e2n n\u1edf ra xanh bi\u1ebfc<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Em \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng anh ti\u1ebfc l\u1eafm thay !<\/em>
\n– Ba \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t m\u1edb tr\u1ea7u cay<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Sao anh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd em \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 chim v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 c\u1eafn c\u00e2u.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00e1 c\u1eafn c\u00e2u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 g\u1ee1<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Chim v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebft thu\u1edf n\u00e0o ra!<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m theo th\u1ec3 song th\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p hai v\u1ebf. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c Ph\u00fa, H\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 T\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh:
\n– C\u00e2u 1+2: ph\u00fa : t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u00e8o c\u00e2y, h\u00e1i hoa, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u0169.
\n– C\u00e2u 3+4: h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 : nh\u00e2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hoa t\u1ea7m xu\u00e2n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb9p, ch\u00e0ng trai li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi nhan s\u1eafc l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i, c\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1ed3ng th\u1eafm c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00e0ng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i, v\u00ec nay n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng.
\n– C\u00e2u 5+6: tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 ph\u00fa : ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111em tr\u1ea7u cau d\u1ea1m h\u1ecfi n\u00e0ng, ngay khi n\u00e0ng c\u00f2n con g\u00e1i.
\n– C\u00e2u 7-8-9-10: t\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee9ng : ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 so s\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cnh\u01b0<\/em> chim v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng<\/em>\u201d,\u00a0 \u201cnh\u01b0<\/em> c\u00e1 c\u1eafn c\u00e2u<\/em>\u201d. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, n\u00e0ng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea7y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 cam ph\u1eadn, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh (n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00e1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng, d\u1eabu sao n\u00e0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee7 ti\u1ebft th\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u1ea5m cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eebng t\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i ca dao \u201cN\u1ee5 t\u1ea7m xu\u00e2n\u201d , nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau , \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh l\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, th\u1eafm thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, v\u1eeba h\u00e0m s\u00fac.<\/p>\n

II. NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT \u0110\u1eb6T C\u00c2U<\/strong>
\nNgo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebft trong ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u:
\n1. \u0110i\u1ec7p ng\u1eef: l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a l\u1eabn ng\u1eef \u00e2m) hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh \u00fd di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u00eam n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u00eam tha thi\u1ebft.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00e0i \u201cKh\u0103n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai\u201d \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 T\u1ec9, nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u201cth\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ai\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn 5 l\u1ea7n, 3 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi kh\u0103n, 1 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e8n, 1 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi m\u1eaft. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec7p ng\u1eef n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng x\u00f4n xang th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh chung c\u1ee7a\u00a0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.
\n2. L\u1ed1i song h\u00e0nh: l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp c\u00e2u, s\u1eafp \u00fd song song v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f3 khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n nhau, c\u00f3 khi h\u00f4 \u1ee9ng hay ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – C\u00e1 c\u1eafn c\u00e2u, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 g\u1ee1<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Chim v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng, bi\u1ebft thu\u1edf n\u00e0o ra.<\/em>
\nHai c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 nhau, c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 cam ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, c\u00e2u th\u00fac trong v\u00f2ng l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o phong ki\u1ebfn x\u01b0a.
\n3. L\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u1eef: l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap cho c\u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n th\u00eam t\u0103ng, th\u00eam r\u00f5.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – \u0110\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ni \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u00f3 b\u00ean t\u00ea \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9ng b\u00ean t\u00ea \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u00f3 b\u00ean ni \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t 2 c\u00e2u song h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u1eef \u1edf 4 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u. Nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u201cm\u00eanh m\u00f4ng b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u201cb\u00e1t ng\u00e1t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/em>\u201d \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho ta c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa \u201cm\u00eanh m\u00f4ng b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t<\/em>\u201d qua con m\u1eaft ph\u00f3ng nh\u00ecn, say s\u01b0a chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 g\u00e1i t\u1eeb 2 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau: \u201cb\u00ean ni \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ean t\u00ea \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em>\u201d. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u1eef \u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam cho ta c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bao la, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau n\u01a1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0.
\n4. Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i: l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh 2 v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i nhau, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh \u00fd di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u00eam t\u0103ng m\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c c\u0169ng th\u00eam gi\u1ea7u.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 – M\u01b0a xu\u00e2n l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00e0o<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f4ng anh \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u0103n r\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng hoa.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ai l\u00e0m gi\u00f3 t\u00e1p, m\u01b0a sa<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Cho c\u00e2y anh \u0111\u1ed5, cho hoa anh t\u00e0n.<\/em>
\nB\u00e0i ca dao tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ba c\u1eb7p ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0: \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t \/ ng\u0103n r\u00e0o, gi\u00f3 t\u00e1p \/ m\u01b0a sa<\/em> v\u00e0 cho c\u00e2y anh \u0111\u1ed5 \/ cho hoa anh t\u00e0n<\/em>.
\nT.D.2\u00a0 – Nh\u1edb ai ra ng\u1ea9n, v\u00e0o ng\u01a1,
\nNh\u1edb ai, ai nh\u1edb, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1edb ai
\nNh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u201cra v\u00e0o ng\u01a1 ng\u1ea9n<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch l\u00e0m 2 v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i nhau: ra ng\u1ea9n \/ v\u00e0o ng\u01a1<\/em>, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadp ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cnh\u1edb ai \/ ai nh\u1edb<\/em>\u201d c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u1eef n\u1eefa.
\n……………………;
\nIII. NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT D\u00d9NG CH\u1eee<\/strong>
\nNg\u00f4n t\u1eeb trong ca dao tuy gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1eeb H\u00e1n, ngay t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m, g\u1ee3i thanh, g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i s\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang gi\u00fap cho t\u00ecnh \u00fd c\u00e2u ca dao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ca dao c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f4 b\u1ea7y tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng.
\n\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ai.
\n1. T\u1eeb l\u00e1y<\/strong>: \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh \u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u cung b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1eady t\u1eeb l\u00e1y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
\nCh\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t hay hai, ba nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (T.D.\u00a0: a, \u00f4i, y\u00eau…), hay k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 thanh (kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u, d\u1ea5u s\u1eafc, d\u1ea5u huy\u1ec1n, d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi, d\u1ea5u ng\u00e3, d\u1ea5u n\u1eb7ng).
\nM\u1ed9t t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 –Tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 r\u00e9t k\u00ecn k\u00ecn<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1eafp \u0111\u00f4i d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm h\u01a1n ngh\u00ecn ch\u0103n b\u00f4ng<\/em>.
\n\u201ck\u00ecn k\u00ecn<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u1ede c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba g\u1ee3i t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3nh m\u01b0a to, gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u00e9t m\u01b0\u1edbt th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o da th\u1ecbt.
\nTheo ch\u00e0ng trai si t\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, r\u00e9t m\u01b0\u1edbt t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (k\u00ecn k\u00ecn) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp ngh\u00ecn ch\u0103n b\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00f4i d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm (m\u1ecfng manh, nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p) c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng, hay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u00e1c. D\u1eabu sao c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c: H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (tinh th\u1ea7n), gi\u00fap ta qu\u00ean \u0111i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00e9t bu\u1ed1t n\u01a1i th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. (D\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e2u \u201cThuy\u1ec1n anh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1c l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>, M\u01b0\u1ee3n em d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm l\u00e0m d\u00e2y k\u00e9o thuy\u1ec1n<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea3i l\u01b0ng y\u1ebfm, d\u00e0i ch\u1eebng 80cm, r\u1ed9ng ch\u1eebng 15cm, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 y\u1ebfm, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y v\u1ea3i vi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf bu\u1ed9c sau g\u00e1y. Khi m\u1eb7c y\u1ebfm, c\u00e1c b\u00e0, c\u00e1c c\u00f4 b\u1eaft ch\u00e9o hai d\u1ea3i l\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec d\u1ea3i l\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecdc tr\u1ea7u cau \u0111em theo \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u ng\u1eef \u201ctr\u1ea7u d\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm\u201d).
\nN\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i 2 hay 3 trong 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0 –Hoa th\u01a1m, hoa \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Con m\u1eaft em l\u00fang li\u1ebfng, d\u1ea1 anh say l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb<\/em>.
\n\u201cL\u00fang li\u1ebfng<\/em>\u201d, \u201cl\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb<\/em>\u201d c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n hay t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u0111\u00f4i.
\nC\u1eb7p t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u201cl\u00fang li\u1ebfng<\/em>\u201d t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng to \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u00e1ng long lanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111ang \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a g\u1ee3i duy\u00ean, g\u1ee3i t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, c\u1eadu trai n\u00e0o m\u1edbi l\u1edbn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u1ea5y chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o, l\u00e0m sao kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00ea m\u00ea? V\u1ebb m\u1eb7t ng\u00e2y d\u1ea1i \u0111i, trong khi t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn (l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb) nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb say r\u01b0\u1ee3u, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.
\nT.D.3\u00a0\u00a0 –C\u00e1i c\u1ed5 y\u1ebfm em n\u00f3 th\u00f5ng th\u00f2ng th\u00f2ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tay em \u0111eo v\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eafp chu\u1ed1i non<\/em>
\n\u201cth\u00f5ng th\u00f2ng th\u00f2ng<\/em>\u201d c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y k\u00e9p, l\u00e1y ba.
\nPh\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft c\u00e2u 2 ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ed7i t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u201cth\u00f5ng th\u00f2ng th\u00f2ng<\/em>\u201d \u1edf c\u00e2u 1. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, c\u1ed5 tay c\u00f4 n\u00e0ng tr\u00f2n l\u1eb3n, m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1eafp chu\u1ed1i non<\/em>\u201d, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1i c\u1ed5 y\u1ebfm c\u00f4 n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh bu\u00f4ng \u201cth\u00f5ng th\u00f2ng th\u00f2ng<\/em>\u201d, t\u1ee9c th\u1ea3 s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1edd h\u1eefng, tr\u1ec5 tr\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hai tr\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0o ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ai n\u00f5n n\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ra sao kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed3 l\u1ed9 (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi). Th\u00fa v\u1ecb th\u1eadt !
\nC\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e2u th\u01a1
\n\u201cY\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e0o tr\u1ec5 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u01a1ng long<\/em>\u201d
\ntrong b\u00e0i \u201cThi\u1ebfu n\u1eef ng\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y\u201d c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\nT.D.4\u00a0\u00a0 –Con chim tr\u00ean r\u1eebng k\u00eau th\u00e1nh tha th\u00e1nh th\u00f3t<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u01a1ng con nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9t ru\u1ed9t x\u1ebb hai.<\/em>
\n\u201cth\u00e1nh tha th\u00e1n th\u00f3t<\/em>\u201d c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y k\u00e9p, l\u00e1y t\u01b0.
\n\u201cTh\u00e1nh th\u00f3t<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u1ee3i thanh, t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng chim h\u00f3t tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng, l\u00fac to l\u00fac nh\u1ecf, ng\u00e2n vang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n \u201cth\u00e1nh th\u00f3t<\/em>\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u00e1y k\u00e9p \u201cth\u00e1nh tha<\/em> th\u00e1nh th\u00f3t<\/em>\u201d th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng chim h\u00f3t tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng, \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng; v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00f2ng th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111ang \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, lo l\u1eafng v\u00ec con m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n.
\nT.D.5\u00a0\u00a0 –M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 m\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Hai c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 m\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eaft tra tr\u1eaft tr\u00e9o tr\u1eb7t tr\u00e0 tr\u1eb7t tr\u1eb9o<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh t\u00f9ng tr\u01a1 v\u01a1.<\/em>
\n\u201cTr\u01a1 v\u01a1<\/em>\u201d c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n, l\u00e1y \u0111\u00f4i.
\n\u201cTr\u1eaft tra tr\u1eaft tr\u00e9o tr\u1eb7t tr\u00e0 tr\u1eb7t tr\u1eb9o<\/em>\u201d c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y k\u00e9p, l\u00e1y 8.
\nC\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 m\u1ed9c, s\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfp t\u1ea7m g\u1eedi tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2u t\u00f9ng. Nay ch\u00fang kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u01a1i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n t\u00f9ng n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady, c\u00e2y t\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1n cheo leo, ng\u1ecdn t\u00f9ng \u1edf th\u1ebf tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng (tr\u01a1 v\u01a1) n\u00ean khi gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1eddi, hai c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 m\u1ed9c c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e1nh nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3, o\u1eb1n o\u1ea1i \u00a0(Tr\u1eaft tra tr\u1eaft tr\u00e9o tr\u1eb7t tr\u00e0 tr\u1eb7t tr\u1eb9o<\/em>) ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ef1c r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng.
\nChu\u1ed7i t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u2018\u2019Tr\u1eaft tra tr\u1eaft tr\u00e9o tr\u1eb7t tr\u00e0 tr\u1eb7t tr\u1eb9o\u2019\u2019<\/em> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i thanh, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00e0ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00ec s\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u1ee3i \u00fd, l\u00e0m ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 bi \u0111\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee9 c\u1ed1 v\u00f4 th\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lo l\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd nh\u1eefng tai bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea9y ra, ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb l\u00e1y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u1ee3i t\u1ea3 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng (g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i thanh, g\u1ee3i s\u1eafc), bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd; ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh cho h\u01a1i th\u01a1. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb l\u00e1y khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb l\u00e1y k\u00e9p, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00f2a \u00e2m, gi\u00fap cho nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u00e2u ca dao v\u1eeba phong ph\u00fa v\u1eeba uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng.
\n2. T\u1eeb ai<\/strong>
\nTrong ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ,n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh, phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nT\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng quen bi\u1ebft, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i ba, s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u01b0:
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 –B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1eadn m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e0o<\/em>
\n\u00a0 V\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ai<\/span> v\u00e0o hay ch\u01b0a?<\/em>
\nhay t\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i ba, s\u1ed1 \u00edt:
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0 –M\u1eadn h\u1ecfi th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o xin th\u01b0a<\/em>
\n\u00a0 V\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ai<\/span> v\u00e0o<\/em>.
\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d kh\u00e1c, tuy d\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng khi x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh \u00fd c\u00e2u ca dao th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o.
\nT.D.3\u00a0\u00a0 –Ai<\/span> l\u00e0m cho b\u01b0\u1edbm l\u00eca hoa<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Cho chim xanh n\u1ee1 bay qua v\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ed3ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ai<\/span><\/em> \u0111i mu\u00f4n d\u1eb7m non s\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 ai<\/span> ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a s\u1ea7u \u0111ong v\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/em>
\nT\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d trong c\u00e2u 1 thu\u1ed9c nghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i ba, s\u1ed1 \u00edt.
\nT\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d trong c\u00e2u 3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i hai thay cho ti\u1ebfng anh hay ch\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb.
\nT\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d trong c\u00e2u 4 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, thay cho ti\u1ebfng em hay thi\u1ebfp, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00fac t\u1eeb.
\n\u00dd to\u00e0n c\u00e2u: Ai \u0111\u00e3 chia uy\u00ean r\u1ebd th\u00fay \u0111\u00f4i ta? Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i anh b\u1ecf \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ec3 em \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi bao n\u1ed7i s\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nhung nh\u1edb.
\nT\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ca dao sau c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n:
\nT.D.4\u00a0 –Ai<\/span> v\u1ec1, ai<\/span> \u1edf, m\u1eb7c ai<\/span><\/em>
\n\u00a0T\u00f4i nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m th\u1eafp ho\u00e0i n\u0103m canh.<\/em>
\nNh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 2 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft.
\n* Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t
\n\u201cai v\u1ec1\u201d t\u1ee9c anh v\u1ec1 (ai: \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i hai, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb).
\n\u201cai \u1edf\u201d t\u1ee9c t\u00f4i \u1edf (ai: \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb).
\n\u201cm\u1eb7c ai\u201d t\u1ee9c m\u1eb7c t\u00f4i (ai: \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u00fac t\u1eeb).
\nTo\u00e0n c\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: Anh b\u1ecf v\u1ec1, t\u00f4i \u1edf l\u1ea1i, anh m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 t\u00f4i, mu\u1ed1n ra sao th\u00ec ra (anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1c t\u00ecnh, phai ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m \u0111o\u00e1i ho\u00e0i g\u00ec t\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u1eefa). Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau anh th\u00ec t\u00f4i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i th\u1ee7y chung, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n* Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai
\nTrong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4 thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c vui, t\u00e0i t\u1eed giai nh\u00e2n v\u00e3ng lai t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u00f4 \u1edf xa c\u00f3 \u00fd ghen tu\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4.
\n\u201cai v\u1ec1\u201d t\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 (ai phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i ba, s\u1ed1 \u00edt)
\n“ai \u1edf” t\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u1edf (ai phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i ba, s\u1ed1 \u00edt)
\n\u201cm\u1eb7c ai\u201d t\u1ee9c m\u1eb7c h\u1ecd (ai phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i ba, s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u)
\nTo\u00e0n c\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: Ai v\u1ec1, ai \u1edf m\u1eb7c h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau anh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 anh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ee7y chung m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea5c th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7u ch\u00e1y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

T.D.5\u00a0\u00a0 –Nh\u1edb a<\/span>i em nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3c th\u1ea7m<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Hai h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a.<\/em>
\nNh\u1edb AI <\/span>ra ng\u1ea9n v\u00e0o ng\u01a1
\n\u00a0 Nh\u1edb ai, ai<\/span> nh\u1edb, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1edb ai<\/span>?<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d trong c\u00e2u 1 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u 3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a em t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 anh, l\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng (\u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i hai, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u00fac t\u1eeb). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d trong c\u00e2u 4 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft.
\n* Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t: \u201cnh\u1edb ai\u201d t\u1ee9c nh\u1edb anh (ai: \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i hai, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u00fac t\u1eeb); \u201cai nh\u1edb\u201d t\u1ee9c em nh\u1edb (ai: \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb); \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1edb ai\u201d t\u1ee9c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i nh\u1edb anh (ai: \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i hai, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u00fac t\u1eeb).
\nTo\u00e0n c\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u00fd nh\u01b0 sau: nh\u1edb anh th\u00ec em ch\u1ee9 ai, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 em m\u1edbi nh\u1edb tha thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf (kh\u00f3c … \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a, ra ng\u1ea9n v\u00e0o ng\u01a1).B\u00e2y gi\u1edd em l\u1ea1i nh\u1edb anh, ch\u1ee9 c\u00f2n ai ngo\u00e0i anh\u00a0?
\nC\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tha thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh chung.
\n* Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft hai: Theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd chung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau,\u00a0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng hay th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem c\u00f3 nh\u1edb m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 y\u00eau m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?) nh\u01b0 thi s\u0129 Quang D\u0169ng trong b\u00e0i \u0110\u00f4i M\u1eaft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u01a1n T\u00e2y: \u201cEm c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd em nh\u1edb t\u00f4i?\u201d, hay trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u da dao \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean: Thuy\u1ec1n \u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1edb b\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng?
\nT\u1eeb \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u201cnh\u1edb ai, ai nh\u1edb, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1edb ai\u201d nh\u01b0 sau: Nh\u1edb em, anh nh\u1edb th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng hay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u0111ang nh\u1edb ai? T\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d cu\u1ed1i thu\u1ed9c phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb.
\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u01b0a d\u00f9ng. D\u1eabu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn hay l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng) xem c\u00f3 nh\u1edb, c\u00f3 y\u00eau m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng hay l\u1ea1i t\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ai kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m n\u0169ng, l\u00e0m duy\u00ean, ki\u1ec3u \u201cnhi n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.
\n* Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ba: Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh \u00fd kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n hai gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft tr\u00ean: Nh\u1edb em? Anh m\u00e0 nh\u1edb g\u00ec em, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh \u0111ang nh\u1edb t\u1edbi ai kia k\u00eca!
\nT\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d ch\u00f3t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i ba, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau hay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y h\u00e0m \u00fd h\u1eddn ghen, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, gi\u1eadn d\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef y\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i.
\nTrong ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3\u00a0 gia x\u00fac n\u1eefa.
\nT.D.6\u00a0\u00a0 –Tr\u00e2u \u01a1i ta b\u1ea3o tr\u00e2u n\u00e0y<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00e2u ra ngo\u00e0i ru\u1ed9ng, tr\u00e2u c\u1ea7y v\u1edbi ta.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u1ea5y c\u1ea7y v\u1ed1n nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng gia<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ta \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea5y, ai m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\nT\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d trong c\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (thay cho t\u1eeb ta, \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 \u00edt), v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e2u (\u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i hai, s\u1ed1 \u00edt), v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn tr\u00e2u (\u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u). T\u1eeb \u201cai\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00fd con tr\u00e2u nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p (nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng gia), t\u1eebng chia ng\u1ecdt s\u1ebb b\u00f9i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u00e2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

IV. NH\u1ea0C T\u00cdNH TRONG CA DAO TR\u1eee T\u00ccNH
\nNh\u1ea1c trong th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: V\u1ea7n \u2013 Ti\u1ebft T\u1ea5u v\u00e0 T\u1eeb. Ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh, khi nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u00eam \u00e1i, khi thanh tho\u00e1t l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng, khi uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n d\u00ecu d\u1eb7t, khi r\u1ec1n r\u0129 thi\u1ebft tha… l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?
\nXin th\u01b0a, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf v\u1ea7n, \u1edf ti\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u1eady.
\n1. \u00c2m h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea7n
\nCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf,ngo\u00e0i hai th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m v\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ta nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t v\u00e0 song th\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ca dao d\u00f9 l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, \u00e2m v\u1eadn v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

T.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 –Gi\u00f3 hiu hiu<\/em>
\nCh\u00edn ch\u00ecu ru\u1ed9t th\u1eaft
\n\u00a0 Nh\u00ecn sao b\u00ean B\u1eafc<\/em>
\n\u00a0 N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0Ai xu\u00f4i chi v\u1ee3 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>
\nKh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2y t\u01a1 h\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 xe?<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i ca dao n\u00e0y v\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng: hiu, ch\u00ecu, \u0111\u00f4ng, ch\u1ed3ng, h\u1ed3ng; v\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n tr\u1eafc: th\u1eaft, b\u1eafc, m\u1eaft. V\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn: hiu, th\u1eaft, b\u1eafc, \u0111\u00f4ng, ch\u1ed3ng; v\u1eeba c\u00f3 y\u00eau v\u1eadn: ch\u00ecu, m\u1eaft, ch\u1ed3ng, h\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

T.D.2\u00a0\u00a0 –Ch\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 t\u00f2ng phu ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd,<\/em>
\n\u00a0 G\u00e1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf m\u1eb9 qu\u1ea1nh hiu<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u1edb anh \u01a1i!<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Em nh\u1edb khi th\u01a1 b\u00e9 n\u00e2ng niu<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 b\u1ecf li\u1ec1u m\u1eb9 cha?<\/em>
\nB\u00e0i ca dao 2 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7:
\n– v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng: hiu, niu, li\u1ec1u,
\n– v\u1ea7n tr\u1eafc: l\u1ebd, m\u1eb9,
\n– v\u00e2n ch\u00e2n: l\u1ebd, hiu, niu
\n– v\u1ea7n l\u01b0ng: m\u1eb9, li\u1ec1u.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e0i ca dao tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea7u \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m v\u1eadn. V\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t b\u1eaft xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u hai, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean cho t\u1edbi h\u1ebft b\u00e0i.
\n2. Ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u
\nTi\u1ebft t\u1ea5u l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u1ecbp, c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay b\u00e0i ca, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ng\u1eaft \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ed7 chia c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng v\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i v\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp d\u00e0i, khi ng\u00e2m,
\nng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n nga l\u00e2u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong m\u1ed7i v\u1ebf, khi ng\u00e2m t\u00f9y theo h\u1ee9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n nga ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 v\u1ebf chia th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp ng\u1eafn.
\nT.D.1 Nh\u1ecbp d\u00e0i (\/\/)
\n-\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng lau\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Cha m\u1eb9 tham gi\u1ea7u\/\/ \u00e9p u\u1ed5ng duy\u00ean con\/\/<\/em>
\nT.D.2 Nh\u1ecbp ng\u1eafn (\/)
\n–\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\/ nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ch\/ c\u00f9ng lau\/\/<\/em>
\nTrong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ca dao l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, nh\u1ecbp th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f4i, nh\u1ecbp b\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0:
\nT.D.1 \u2013 Nh\u1ecbp 4\/4
\n2\/2\/2\/2
\n–Em ng\u1ed3i c\u00e0nh tr\u00fac\/\/ em t\u1ef1a c\u00e0nh mai\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o\/ t\u00e2y li\u1ec5u\/ bi\u1ebft ai\/ b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng\/\/<\/em>
\nT.D.2 \u2013 Nh\u1ecbp 2\/2\/2
\n2\/2\/2\/2
\n–Tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a\/ \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ee5i\/ \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1edd\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u01af\u1edbt c\u00e2y\/ \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e1\/\/ ai ng\u1edd\/ \u01b0\u1edbt em\/\/<\/em>
\nCa dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u00f2n bi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng cho h\u01a1i th\u01a1.
\nT.D.3 \u2013 Nh\u1ecbp 2\/4
\n2\/2\/2\/2
\n–Y\u00eau m\u00ecnh\/\/ ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 T\u1ef1a mai\/ mai ng\u00e3\/\/ t\u1ef1a \u0111\u00ecnh\/ \u0111\u00ecnh xi\u00eau<\/em>\/\/
\nT.D.4 \u2013 Nh\u1ecbp 2\/4
\n4\/4
\n–\u0110\u1ed1 ai\/ qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch l\u00e1 r\u1eebng\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 ta khuy\u00ean gi\u00f3\/\/ gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1eebng rung c\u00e2y\/\/<\/em>
\nT.D.5 \u2013 Nh\u1ecbp 2\/4
\n2\/4\/2
\n–H\u1ee1i c\u00f4\/ t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Sao c\u00f4\/ m\u00fac \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng v\u00e0ng\/\/ \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111i<\/em>\/\/
\nT.D.6 \u2013 Nh\u1ecbp 4\/2
\n2\/4\/2
\n–Tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed\/ b\u1ea1c t\u00ecnh\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ch\u01a1i hoa\/\/ r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u1ebb c\u00e0nh\/\/ b\u00e1n rao\/\/<\/em>
\nNh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u trong ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t linh \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\nT.D.7 \u2013 Nh\u1ecbp 3\/2\/2
\n4\/3\/2
\n–\u0110\u1ea1o v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\/ th\u0103m th\u1eb3m\/ gi\u1ebfng s\u00e2u\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y sau c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p\/\/ m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u\/ m\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n\/\/<\/em>
\nT.D.8\u00a0\u00a0 –Chi\u1ebfc bu\u1ed3m nho nh\u1ecf\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 hiu hiu\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nay n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Mai l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01b0\u01a1i\/\/<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 S\u00f4ng s\u00e2u\/ s\u00f3ng c\u1ea3\/ em \u01a1i\/\/<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1edd cho s\u00f3ng l\u1eb7ng\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Bu\u1ed3m xu\u00f4i\/\/ ta xu\u00f4i c\u00f9ng\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Tr\u00f3t \u0111a mang\/ v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp b\u1ec1nh b\u1ed3ng\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Xu\u1ed1ng gh\u1ec1nh\/\/ l\u00ean th\u00e1c\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 M\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng\/ ta th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau.\/\/<\/em>
\n3. Nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb
\nTheo ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, khi ph\u00e1t l\u00ean nh\u1eb9 hay m\u1ea1nh, trong hay \u0111\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong kh\u1ea9u cung (k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng). M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t l\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o trong kh\u1ea9u cung l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3: nguy\u00ean \u00e2m, ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 thanh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u00f3:
\n– nguy\u00ean \u00e2m b\u1ed5ng nh\u01b0: i, \u00ea, e
\n– ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m vang nh\u01b0: m, n, nh, ng
\n– thanh b\u1ed5ng nh\u01b0: kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u, d\u1ea5u s\u1eafc, d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra, \u00e2m s\u1ebd cao, trong v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i\u00a0:
\n– nguy\u00ean \u00e2m tr\u1ea7m: u, \u00f4, o,
\n– ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m t\u1eafc: p, t, ch, c,
\nv\u00e0 thanh tr\u1ea7m: d\u1ea5u huy\u1ec1n, d\u1ea5u ng\u00e3, d\u1ea5u n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng.
\nS\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp trong c\u00e2u, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u01a1.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 –H\u00f4m qua\/ t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00ecnh\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00e1o\/ Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh hoa sen\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\/\/ th\u00ec cho anh xin\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Hay l\u00e0\/ em \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tin\/ trong nh\u00e0.\/\/<\/em>
\nNh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1ea7n trong 4 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e2m vang v\u00e0 trong, n\u00ean nh\u1ea1c th\u01a1 nghe vui, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m trong s\u00e1ng, y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng trai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0 –N\u1ee5 t\u1ea7m xu\u00e2n\/ n\u1edf ra xanh bi\u1ebfc.\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Em \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng\/\/ anh ti\u1ebfc\/ l\u1eafm thay.\/\/<\/em>
\n\u00c2m \u201ci\u1ebfc\u201d trong 2 t\u1eeb \u201cbi\u1ebfc\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfc\u201d l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m v\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m b\u1ed5ng (i\u00ea) v\u00fat cao, v\u1edbi thanh s\u1eafc c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i thanh b\u1ed5ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t h\u01a1i, t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn b\u1edfi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i\u00a0 \u2018c\u2019, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u00e2m t\u1eafc; n\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean, nghe nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng n\u1ea5c, nh\u1ea1c th\u01a1 v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, nghe ngh\u1eb9n ng\u00e0o, t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfi. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1ea7n \u201ci\u1ebfc\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gieo r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee9t ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng trai khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1n c\u0169, g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a, t\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111ang n\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng than \u00f4i mu\u1ed9n m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec n\u00e0ng nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00e1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng!
\nT.D.3 \u00a0 \u00a0–Y\u00eau ai tha thi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebft tha<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u00c1o em hai v\u1ea1t tr\u1ea3i ra ch\u00e0ng ng\u1ed3i.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u ca dao (\u00e2m lu\u1eadt, \u00e2m v\u1eadn), nh\u1eefng \u00e2m ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb k\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean hai \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u201ctha thi\u1ebft\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh \u201cthi\u1ebft tha\u201d, v\u00ec th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 gieo v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng (tha, ra).
\nCa dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e1y, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e1y khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, hai \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t \u00e2m s\u1ebd tr\u00f9ng nhau (t\u1eeb l\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n) hay ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n nhau (t\u1eeb l\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n), t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00f2a \u00e2m, gi\u00fap cho nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u ca dao v\u1eeba phong ph\u00fa, v\u1eeba th\u00eam uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

B. NH\u1eeeNG H\u00ccNH TH\u1ee8C NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT TRONG CA DAO TR\u00c0O L\u1ed8NG<\/strong>
\nCa dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1 t\u00ednh vui v\u1ebb, ranh m\u00e3nh, th\u00edch gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t, b\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 vui c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00ecnh. Ca dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t d\u00ed d\u1ecfm.<\/p>\n

Hai c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u 6 ch\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb l\u00e1y. C\u1ea3 4 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ecdng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1y l\u1ea1i thanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ” l\u00e8 l\u00e8 “, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i thanh nh\u01b0 ” choen cho\u00e9t”, “t\u1ecfe t\u00f2e toe”, “qu\u1eafp qu\u1eb1m qu\u1eb7p”. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i \u0111ang n\u1edf qua 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm :
\n– Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 hoa, hoa chu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i, d\u1ea7y, tr\u00f9m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: “\u0111\u1ecf choen<\/em> cho\u00e9t”.<\/em>
\n– Khi hoa chu\u1ed1i n\u1edf, bao b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bung ra, t\u1eebng n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t v\u01b0\u01a1n cong l\u00ean, ch\u0129a ra ngo\u00e0i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:” t\u1ecfe t\u00f2e toe”.<\/em>
\n– Qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn th\u00eam, v\u1ecf tr\u1edf n\u00ean xanh ng\u1eaft:” xanh l\u00e8 l\u00e8”( l\u00fac chu\u1ed1i c\u00f2n xanh, ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn).<\/em>
\n– M\u1ed7i n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e1m v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u1eb9. B\u1eb9 chu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i to ra, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u00e9p m\u00ecnh kh\u00edt v\u00e0o nhau, d\u00e1ng co qu\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddi: “qu\u1eafp qu\u1eb1m qu\u1eb7p”<\/em>.
\nTh\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ca dao v\u1eeba g\u1ee3i s\u1eafc, g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb.
\n2. NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT CH\u01a0I CH\u1eee
\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd th\u00fa trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef.
\n* Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ngn .
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –M\u1eb9 em tham th\u00fang x\u00f4i d\u1ec1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0Tham con l\u1ee3n b\u00e9o, tham ti\u1ec1n C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0Em \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eb9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eebng<\/em>
\n\u00a0M\u1eb9 h\u1ea5m, m\u1eb9 h\u1ee9, m\u1eb9 b\u01b0ng ngay v\u00e0o.<\/em>
\n\u00a0B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p, v\u1ee3 cao<\/em>
\n\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u0169a l\u1ec7ch so sao cho v\u1eeba.<\/em>
\n\u201cH\u1ea5m h\u1ee9<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m ph\u00e1t ra b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng m\u0169i, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00fd b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, k\u00e8m theo c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ng\u00fang ngu\u1ea9y, t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con g\u00e1i. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00e0y \u0111ang kho\u00e1i ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao nhi\u00eau s\u00ednh l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 trai mang t\u1edbi; b\u00e0 \u201cb\u01b0ng ngay v\u00e0o<\/em>\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi g\u1ea3 con.
\nB\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y v\u00ec tham c\u1ee7a, \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng n\u1ed7i t\u1ee7i ph\u1eadn h\u1eddn duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a con g\u00e1i, khi b\u1ecb \u00e9p l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf nh\u00edt,ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00fat x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi n\u00e0ng.
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a:
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n<\/span>, em \u0111i ch\u1ee3 h\u1ea1<\/span><\/em>
\n\u00a0Mua c\u00e1 thu<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee3 h\u00e3y c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/em>
\n\u00a0Ai b\u1ea3o anh r\u1eb1ng em \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng?<\/em>
\n\u00a0B\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, em \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng em v\u1ec1.<\/em>
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .C\u00f4 kia \u0111en th\u1ee7i \u0111en thui<\/span><\/em>
\n\u00a0Ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00f4 h\u1ed3i c\u00e1i m\u00e1 v\u1eabn \u0111en.<\/em>
\n\u00a0L\u1eafm ti\u1ec1n cho th\u1eafm<\/span> nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f4 kia tr\u1eafng n\u00f5n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y ai?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a, d\u1ecb \u00e2m
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .Tr\u0103ng bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i tr\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0N\u00fai bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u00fai non.<\/span><\/em>
\nNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef l\u00fd th\u00fa nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m d\u1ecb ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .B\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u1ee3 C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0Xem m\u1ed9t qu\u1ebb b\u00f3i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ee3i ch\u0103ng?<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00d4ng th\u1ea7y xem qu\u1ebb, ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0L\u1ee3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng r\u0103ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n.<\/em>
\nB\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0111i xem b\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0 x\u1ebbn x\u1eb9, gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u1ebft, c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng! \u00d4ng th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eadt g\u00f9, \u1ee1m \u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cL\u1ee3i th\u00ec c\u00f3<\/em> l\u1ee3i<\/em>\u201d, l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 m\u1eebng h\u00fam. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 m\u1eebng l\u00e2u, v\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1ed3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u b\u1ed5 t\u00fac: \u201cnh\u01b0ng r\u0103ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n<\/em>\u201d. B\u00e0 gi\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ngay \u00fd \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n m\u1ec9a mai m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, r\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eebng h\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5m \u1edb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u201cl\u1ee3i\u201d m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i r\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt bao quanh ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng.
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n ng\u1eef
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .L\u01b0\u01a1n ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i ch\u00ea tr\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i<\/em>
\n\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1eddn l\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00e9o mi\u1ec7ng, ch\u00ea trai l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed3m<\/em>.
\nTr\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u00e2u. Hai t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i.
\nN\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn \u00fd th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn ch\u00ea l\u01b0\u01a1n d\u00e0i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, th\u00f3i \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1edd s\u1edd ra \u0111\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec.
\nC\u1ea3nh \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddn l\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00e9o mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00ea trai l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed3m<\/em>\u201d c\u0169ng v\u1eady.
\n* N\u00f3i l\u00e1i
\nTrong lo\u1ea1i ca dao \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p nam n\u1eef, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u n\u00f3i l\u00e1i mang kh\u00ed v\u1ecb tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .Qu\u00ea anh th\u00ec \u1edf Nam \u0110\u00e0n<\/em>
\n\u00a0H\u1ecd anh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, t\u00ean ch\u00e0ng L\u00fd M\u00e2y<\/em>.
\nL\u00fd M\u00e2y<\/em> n\u00f3i l\u00e1i l\u00e0 ” l\u1ea5y mi”.
\n* Ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng
\nNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u01a1 ch\u1eef k\u1ef3 th\u00fa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 .C\u00f4 Th\u1ec9, c\u00f4 Thi<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f4 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u00f4 k\u1eb9o v\u1edbi ai?<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f4 T\u01b0 k\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t c\u1eadu Cai<\/em>
\n\u00a0 V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng thuy\u1ec1n ch\u00e0i k\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng. T\u1eeb \u201ck\u1eb9o<\/em>\u201d ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ed3 b\u1ecbch… T\u1eeb \u201ck\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t<\/em>\u201d trong c\u00e2u 3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1eaft b\u1ed3, b\u00e1m ri\u1ebft, \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i, t\u1eb1ng t\u1ecbu… T\u1eeb \u201ck\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t<\/em>\u201d trong c\u00e2u 4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00fa h\u00ed, h\u1ee7 h\u1ec9…
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng khi b\u1ebfp t\u1eaft, c\u01a1m s\u00f4i,<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u1ee3n k\u00eau, con kh\u00f3c, ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f2i t\u00f2m tem.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m l\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u1ee3n no, con ng\u1ee7, t\u00f2m tem th\u00ec t\u00f2m!<\/em>
\nHai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea9y ra cho n\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: n\u00e0o g\u1ea1o s\u00f4i m\u00e0 b\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i t\u1eaft l\u1eeda, n\u00e0o l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00eau \u0103ng \u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ebfc tai, n\u00e0o con nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f2i b\u00fa, g\u1eaft ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f3c nh\u00e8o nh\u1eb9o, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i d\u1edf ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f2i n\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00e0ng kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ebfp l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef sao cho l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u1ebf c\u01a1m cho ch\u00edn (n\u1ebfu l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf qu\u00e1 s\u1ebd t\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u01a1m s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng; m\u00e0 l\u1eeda to qu\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u01a1m l\u1ea1i kh\u00ea). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e0ng cho l\u1ee3n \u0103n, r\u1ed3i cho con b\u00fa v\u00e0 ru n\u00f3 ng\u1ee7. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean th\u1ea5m, n\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng. C\u00e2u n\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh: \u201ct\u00f2m tem th\u00ec t\u00f2m! <\/em>\u201d.
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00f3ng d\u00ed d\u1ecfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch.
\n3. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TH\u1eacM X\u01afNG
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu, nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00e1i m\u0169i, t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm c\u1eb7p m\u00e0y, l\u00e0m ngo\u00e1c c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng… \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hay c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee3 th\u00ec cao ngh\u1ec7u, ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p t\u00e8, tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i :
\n.Ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 cao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u0169a l\u1ec7ch so sao cho v\u1eeba<\/em>.
\nth\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh so le, cao th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i:
\n.Ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 cao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00eam n\u1eb1m s\u1edd t\u00ed, l\u1ea5y s\u00e0o ch\u1ecdc ch\u01a1i!<\/em>
\nTh\u00ec th\u1eadm x\u01b0ng h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ec5u h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i?!
\n4. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P T\u1ea0O S\u1ef0 B\u1ea4T NG\u1edc, C\u00d3 T\u00cdNH C\u00c1CH K\u1ecaCH T\u00cdNH
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0 .L\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m<\/em>
\nCh\u1ed3ng ch\u00ea t\u00f4i b\u00e9, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ebfn khi m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, \u0111\u00f4i m\u01b0\u01a1i<\/em>
\nT\u00f4i n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed3ng l\u00f4i l\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, hai r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n gi\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1eaby m\u1ed9t c\u00f2n ba.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chung ch\u0103n g\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng, sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u0103m l\u00e0m v\u1ee3.
\nThu\u1edf m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng, c\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 14, 15 tu\u1ed5i, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nom c\u00f2n g\u1ea7y g\u00f2, x\u1ea5u x\u00ed. C\u00f4 b\u1ecb ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00ea; c\u00f4 r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m cho y\u00ean ph\u1eadn h\u1ea9m hiu.
\nTu\u1ed5i 19, \u0111\u00f4i m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f4 d\u1eady th\u00ec, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u1edf nang, d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng. Anh ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p qu\u00e1 x\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u00e1i n\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 ng\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m l\u01a1 (h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 li\u1ebfc tr\u1ed9m?). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00f5n n\u01b0\u1eddng, y\u00eau ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y c\u1ee9 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh anh, cho t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u00e2u y\u1ebfm v\u1ed3 v\u1eadp ,cu\u1ed1ng qu\u00edt… V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u201cc\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n gi\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1eaby m\u1ed9t c\u00f2n ba<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea9y ra.
\nC\u00e1i k\u1ef3 th\u00fa do b\u00e0i ca dao n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00ed d\u1ecfm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft n\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch.
\nSau c\u00f9ng, bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ch\u00e2n gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1eaby, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ta \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i \u00edt m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n t\u1ea3. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea9y ra kia \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta d\u1ef1ng n\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n b\u1ecf d\u1edf.
\n5. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P \u0110\u1eb6T C\u00c1C M\u00c2U THU\u1eaaN C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 V\u1eacT TRONG TH\u1ebe T\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u1ea2N
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ngay c\u00e1i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ec9a mai, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm trong \u0111\u00f3.
\nT.D1.\u00a0\u00a0 –S\u1ed1ng th\u00ec con ch\u1eb3ng cho \u0103n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ch\u1ebft th\u00ec x\u00f4i th\u1ecbt l\u00e0m v\u0103n t\u1ebf ru\u1ed3i.<\/em>
\nHai c\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean m\u1ec9a mai v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a hai s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c:
\n– Khi cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, con \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t (v\u00ec \u1edf trong nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi).
\n– \u0110\u1ebfn khi cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec con l\u1ea1i b\u1ea7y chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e2m cao c\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7y, t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng, r\u00f9m beng c\u1ed1t cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y, ra c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ta \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ebfu t\u1eed.
\nThan \u00f4i, cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n ru\u1ed3i \u0111ang b\u00e2u tr\u00ean m\u00e2m c\u1ed7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng!<\/p>\n

T.D.2.\u00a0 –Con c\u00f2 ch\u1ebft r\u0169 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f2 con m\u1edf l\u1ecbch xem ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m ma.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u la \u0111\u00e0<\/em>
\nChim ri r\u00edu r\u00edt b\u00f2 ra chia ph\u1ea7n
\n Ch\u00e0o m\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Chim ch\u00edch c\u1edfi tr\u1ea7n, v\u00e1c m\u00f5 \u0111i rao.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u00e0i ca dao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u201cbu\u1ed3n vui\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn phi l\u00fd trong th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta, m\u1ed7i khi trong l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.
\nTrong khi tang ch\u1ee7 \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, lo vi\u1ec7c tang ma cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u1eeba n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec ph\u00eda d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1edfn h\u1edf b\u00e1o tin cho nhau, r\u1ee7 r\u00ea nhau \u0111\u1ebfn chia bu\u1ed3n, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec \u00edt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e8 ch\u00e9n th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec theo th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c x\u01b0a, khi cha m\u1eb9 qua \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c con ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft lo c\u1ed7 b\u00e0n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 vong linh, sau h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn chia bu\u1ed3n, ph\u00fang \u0111i\u1ebfu. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00eam gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea7y chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0i b\u1ea1c hay l\u1eadp r\u1ea1p thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1t h\u1ecfng cho h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i bu\u1ed3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u1ea3 vong linh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (?), v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cn\u1ee3 mi\u1ec7ng\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.
\nS\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn tr\u00ean g\u00e2y cho ta n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ee5 cu\u1ed3i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, vui nh\u1ed9n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi ra n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, khi\u1ebfn ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi mong c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ,v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n.
\n6-PH\u01af\u01a0NG\u00a0 PH\u00c1P TR\u1ef0C TI\u1ebeP
\n\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng \u00fap m\u1edf, b\u00f3ng gi\u00f3\u00a0 xa x\u00f4i m\u00e0 l\u00f4i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t.
\nT.D.1\u00a0 – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4i<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u0103ng lo\u00e0n.<\/em>
\n– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1eb3ng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e2y m\u01b0a.<\/em>
\nHai c\u1eadp ca dao tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m l\u00ean \u00e1n b\u1ecdn th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1t x\u1ee9ng, k\u00e9m t\u00e0i thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ng tha ho\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.
\nT.D.2\u00a0 – M\u01b0\u1eddi quan th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u<\/em>
\n\u00a0 N\u0103m quan t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1, ai n\u00e0o thua ai !<\/em>
\nC\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n mua quan b\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n do b\u1ecdn tham quan \u00f4 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y n\u00ean.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i ca dao \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u00e2u d\u00e2n m\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ca dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vui \u0111\u00f9a n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ca dao tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang hay ca dao ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n r\u1ed3i. B\u00e0i \u201cCon c\u00f2 ch\u1ebft r\u0169 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN.<\/strong>
\nSau ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i chung, ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ca dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, do ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c, ch\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t, tuy v\u1eady ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh, g\u1ee3i thanh, g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i s\u1eafc, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc; b\u1edfi v\u1eady, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ta (v\u0103n vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eef n\u00f4m) t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u00fd, t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh, t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u, gieo v\u1ea7n (v\u1ea7n l\u01b0ng).
\nV\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mai m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u1ed3 \u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n vi\u1ebft (v\u0103n n\u00f4m, v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef theo m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 la tinh) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u00e2p trong qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng th\u00eam r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.
\n\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec ca dao tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. \u00c2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec x\u01b0a nay, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ea5p c\u1ed5 b\u00e9 mi\u1ec7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O
\nB\u00f9i M\u1ea1nh Nh\u1ecb. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian. Nxb S\u1edf Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c An Giang, 1988
\nB\u1ea3o \u00d0\u1ecbnh Giang – Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t – Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ea5n V\u0129nh – B\u00f9i M\u1ea1nh Nh\u1ecb. Ca dao d\u00e2n ca Nam B\u1ed9, 1984
\nDo\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o xb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1965
\n\u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn. Gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. B\u00e1o Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n, s\u1ed1 38, Cali, 1995
\n\u0110inh Ti\u1ebfp. H\u00e1t \u0111\u00fam H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. Nxb H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng.
\nHo\u00e0ng Ti\u1ebfn T\u1ef1u. B\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng Ca Dao. Nxb Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1992
\nHo\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hanh. T\u1eeb l\u00e1y trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Nxb Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1989.
\nNguy\u1ec5n H\u01b0ng Qu\u1ed1c. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u01a1. Nxb V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, Cali, 1989
\nNguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u1ecdc. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef phong dao. NxbM\u1ed9c L\u00e2m, Saigon, 1967
\nThu\u1ea7n Phong. Chinh Ph\u1ee5 Ng\u00e2m Kh\u00fac Gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn. Nxb \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, 1950
\nV\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef ca dao d\u00e2n ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y V\u0103n H\u1ecdc 1992.<\/p>\n

1. NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT CH\u01a0I TR\u00caN NH\u1eeeNG THANH \u0110I\u1ec6U (D\u1ea4U GI\u1eccNG)
\nTi\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tuy \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m nh\u01b0ng \u0111a thanh, g\u1ed3m 2 th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng (kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u huy\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 4 thanh tr\u1eafc (d\u1ea5u ng\u00e3, d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi, d\u1ea5u s\u1eafc, d\u1ea5u n\u1eb7ng). Ca dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i t\u1eeb l\u00e1y r\u1ea5t d\u00ed d\u1ecfm, khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00ean, t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee1n c\u1ee3t.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 .Gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ea9u gi\u1ea7u gi\u00e2u, k\u00e9m m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebb nhung nh\u00fac, k\u00e9m m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m.<\/em>
\nHai c\u00e2u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t anh ch\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ebft x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i gi\u1ee1n r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ngh\u00e8o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u. V\u1eeba m\u1edf l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng 4 t\u1eeb \u201cgi\u1ea5u gi\u1ea9u gi\u1ea7u gi\u00e2u<\/em>\u201d, l\u00e1y \u00e2m v\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c \u201cgi\u1ea7u\u201d, anh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i thanh s\u1eafc, h\u1ecfi, huy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u, anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ngay \u00fd b\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f9a c\u1ee7a anh. Sau n\u1eefa, c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u00fd h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a anh c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 h\u1ecda cho l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 :
\n– \u201cK\u00e9m m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c<\/em>\u201d, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eady l\u00e0 anh ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 con tr\u00e2u n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.
\n– \u201cL\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 nhung nh\u00fac<\/em>\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm, \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng “k\u00e9m m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m<\/em>“, m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee5c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m, v\u1eady l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ea3 c\u00f3 con l\u1ee3n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.
\nHai c\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u00fd tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f9a c\u1ee3t.
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0 .\u0110\u1ecf choen cho\u00e9t, t\u1ecfe t\u00f2e toe<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Xanh l\u00e8 l\u00e8, qu\u1eafp qu\u1eb1m qu\u1eb7p.<\/em>
\nHai c\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u 6 ch\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb l\u00e1y. C\u1ea3 4 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ecdng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1y l\u1ea1i thanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ” l\u00e8 l\u00e8 “, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i thanh nh\u01b0 ” choen cho\u00e9t”, “t\u1ecfe t\u00f2e toe”, “qu\u1eafp qu\u1eb1m qu\u1eb7p”. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i \u0111ang n\u1edf qua 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm :
\n– Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 hoa, hoa chu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i, d\u1ea7y, tr\u00f9m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: “\u0111\u1ecf choen<\/em> cho\u00e9t”.<\/em>
\n– Khi hoa chu\u1ed1i n\u1edf, bao b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bung ra, t\u1eebng n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t v\u01b0\u01a1n cong l\u00ean, ch\u0129a ra ngo\u00e0i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:” t\u1ecfe t\u00f2e toe”.<\/em>
\n– Qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn th\u00eam, v\u1ecf tr\u1edf n\u00ean xanh ng\u1eaft:” xanh l\u00e8 l\u00e8”( l\u00fac chu\u1ed1i c\u00f2n xanh, ch\u01b0a ch\u00edn).<\/em>
\n– M\u1ed7i n\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e1m v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u1eb9. B\u1eb9 chu\u1ed1i l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i to ra, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u00e9p m\u00ecnh kh\u00edt v\u00e0o nhau, d\u00e1ng co qu\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddi: “qu\u1eafp qu\u1eb1m qu\u1eb7p”<\/em>.
\nTh\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ca dao v\u1eeba g\u1ee3i s\u1eafc, g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

2. NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT CH\u01a0I CH\u1eee
\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd th\u00fa trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef.
\n* Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –M\u1eb9 em tham th\u00fang x\u00f4i d\u1ec1n<\/em>
\n\u00a0Tham con l\u1ee3n b\u00e9o, tham ti\u1ec1n C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng.<\/em>
\n\u00a0Em \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o m\u1eb9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eebng<\/em>
\n\u00a0M\u1eb9 h\u1ea5m, m\u1eb9 h\u1ee9, m\u1eb9 b\u01b0ng ngay v\u00e0o.<\/em>
\n\u00a0B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p, v\u1ee3 cao<\/em>
\n\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u0169a l\u1ec7ch so sao cho v\u1eeba.<\/em>
\n\u201cH\u1ea5m h\u1ee9<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m ph\u00e1t ra b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng m\u0169i, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00fd b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, k\u00e8m theo c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ng\u00fang ngu\u1ea9y, t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con g\u00e1i. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00e0y \u0111ang kho\u00e1i ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao nhi\u00eau s\u00ednh l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 trai mang t\u1edbi; b\u00e0 \u201cb\u01b0ng ngay v\u00e0o<\/em>\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi g\u1ea3 con.
\nB\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y v\u00ec tham c\u1ee7a, \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng n\u1ed7i t\u1ee7i ph\u1eadn h\u1eddn duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a con g\u00e1i, khi b\u1ecb \u00e9p l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf nh\u00edt,ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00fat x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi n\u00e0ng.
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a:
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n<\/span>, em \u0111i ch\u1ee3 h\u1ea1<\/span><\/em>
\n\u00a0Mua c\u00e1 thu<\/span> v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee3 h\u00e3y c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4ng<\/span>.<\/em>
\n\u00a0Ai b\u1ea3o anh r\u1eb1ng em \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng?<\/em>
\n\u00a0B\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, em \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng em v\u1ec1.<\/em>
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .C\u00f4 kia \u0111en th\u1ee7i \u0111en thui<\/span><\/em>
\n\u00a0Ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00f4 h\u1ed3i c\u00e1i m\u00e1 v\u1eabn \u0111en.<\/em>
\n\u00a0L\u1eafm ti\u1ec1n cho th\u1eafm<\/span> nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f4 kia tr\u1eafng n\u00f5n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y ai?<\/h3>\n

* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a, d\u1ecb \u00e2m
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .Tr\u0103ng bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i tr\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/em>
\n\u00a0N\u00fai bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u00fai non.<\/span><\/em>
\nNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef l\u00fd th\u00fa nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m d\u1ecb ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .B\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u1ee3 C\u1ea7u \u0110\u00f4ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0Xem m\u1ed9t qu\u1ebb b\u00f3i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ee3i ch\u0103ng?<\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00d4ng th\u1ea7y xem qu\u1ebb, ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0L\u1ee3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng r\u0103ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n.<\/em>
\nB\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0111i xem b\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e0 x\u1ebbn x\u1eb9, gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u1ebft, c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng! \u00d4ng th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eadt g\u00f9, \u1ee1m \u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cL\u1ee3i th\u00ec c\u00f3<\/em> l\u1ee3i<\/em>\u201d, l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 m\u1eebng h\u00fam. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 m\u1eebng l\u00e2u, v\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1ed3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u b\u1ed5 t\u00fac: \u201cnh\u01b0ng r\u0103ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n<\/em>\u201d. B\u00e0 gi\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ngay \u00fd \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n m\u1ec9a mai m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, r\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eebng h\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5m \u1edb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u201cl\u1ee3i\u201d m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i r\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt bao quanh ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng.
\n* Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n ng\u1eef
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .L\u01b0\u01a1n ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i ch\u00ea tr\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i<\/em>
\n\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1eddn l\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00e9o mi\u1ec7ng, ch\u00ea trai l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed3m<\/em>.
\nTr\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u00e2u. Hai t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i.
\nN\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn \u00fd th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn ch\u00ea l\u01b0\u01a1n d\u00e0i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, th\u00f3i \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1edd s\u1edd ra \u0111\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec.
\nC\u1ea3nh \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddn l\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00e9o mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00ea trai l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed3m<\/em>\u201d c\u0169ng v\u1eady.
\n* N\u00f3i l\u00e1i
\nTrong lo\u1ea1i ca dao \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p nam n\u1eef, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u n\u00f3i l\u00e1i mang kh\u00ed v\u1ecb tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .Qu\u00ea anh th\u00ec \u1edf Nam \u0110\u00e0n<\/em>
\n\u00a0H\u1ecd anh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, t\u00ean ch\u00e0ng L\u00fd M\u00e2y<\/em>.
\nL\u00fd M\u00e2y<\/em> n\u00f3i l\u00e1i l\u00e0 ” l\u1ea5y mi”.
\n* Ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng
\nNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u01a1 ch\u1eef k\u1ef3 th\u00fa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng.
\nT.D.1\u00a0\u00a0 .C\u00f4 Th\u1ec9, c\u00f4 Thi<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f4 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u00f4 k\u1eb9o v\u1edbi ai?<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f4 T\u01b0 k\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t c\u1eadu Cai<\/em>
\n\u00a0 V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng thuy\u1ec1n ch\u00e0i k\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng. T\u1eeb \u201ck\u1eb9o<\/em>\u201d ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ed3 b\u1ecbch… T\u1eeb \u201ck\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t<\/em>\u201d trong c\u00e2u 3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1eaft b\u1ed3, b\u00e1m ri\u1ebft, \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i, t\u1eb1ng t\u1ecbu… T\u1eeb \u201ck\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t<\/em>\u201d trong c\u00e2u 4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00fa h\u00ed, h\u1ee7 h\u1ec9…
\nT.D.2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng khi b\u1ebfp t\u1eaft, c\u01a1m s\u00f4i,<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u1ee3n k\u00eau, con kh\u00f3c, ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f2i t\u00f2m tem.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m l\u00ean<\/em>
\n\u00a0 L\u1ee3n no, con ng\u1ee7, t\u00f2m tem th\u00ec t\u00f2m!<\/em>
\nHai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea9y ra cho n\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: n\u00e0o g\u1ea1o s\u00f4i m\u00e0 b\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i t\u1eaft l\u1eeda, n\u00e0o l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00eau \u0103ng \u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ebfc tai, n\u00e0o con nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f2i b\u00fa, g\u1eaft ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f3c nh\u00e8o nh\u1eb9o, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i d\u1edf ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f2i n\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00e0ng kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ebfp l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef sao cho l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u1ebf c\u01a1m cho ch\u00edn (n\u1ebfu l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf qu\u00e1 s\u1ebd t\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u01a1m s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng; m\u00e0 l\u1eeda to qu\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u01a1m l\u1ea1i kh\u00ea). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e0ng cho l\u1ee3n \u0103n, r\u1ed3i cho con b\u00fa v\u00e0 ru n\u00f3 ng\u1ee7. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean th\u1ea5m, n\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng. C\u00e2u n\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh: \u201ct\u00f2m tem th\u00ec t\u00f2m! <\/em>\u201d.
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00f3ng d\u00ed d\u1ecfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

3. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TH\u1eacM X\u01afNG
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu, nh\u01b0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00e1i m\u0169i, t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm c\u1eb7p m\u00e0y, l\u00e0m ngo\u00e1c c\u00e1i mi\u1ec7ng… \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hay c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee3 th\u00ec cao ngh\u1ec7u, ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p t\u00e8, tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i :
\n.Ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 cao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u0169a l\u1ec7ch so sao cho v\u1eeba<\/em>.
\nth\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh so le, cao th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i:
\n.Ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 cao<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u0110\u00eam n\u1eb1m s\u1edd t\u00ed, l\u1ea5y s\u00e0o ch\u1ecdc ch\u01a1i!<\/em>
\nTh\u00ec th\u1eadm x\u01b0ng h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ec5u h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i?!<\/p>\n

4. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P T\u1ea0O S\u1ef0 B\u1ea4T NG\u1edc, C\u00d3 T\u00cdNH C\u00c1CH K\u1ecaCH T\u00cdNH
\nT.D.\u00a0\u00a0 .L\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m<\/em>
\nCh\u1ed3ng ch\u00ea t\u00f4i b\u00e9, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u1ebfn khi m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, \u0111\u00f4i m\u01b0\u01a1i<\/em>
\nT\u00f4i n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed3ng l\u00f4i l\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, hai r\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n gi\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1eaby m\u1ed9t c\u00f2n ba.<\/em>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chung ch\u0103n g\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng, sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u0103m l\u00e0m v\u1ee3.
\nThu\u1edf m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng, c\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 14, 15 tu\u1ed5i, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nom c\u00f2n g\u1ea7y g\u00f2, x\u1ea5u x\u00ed. C\u00f4 b\u1ecb ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00ea; c\u00f4 r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m cho y\u00ean ph\u1eadn h\u1ea9m hiu.
\nTu\u1ed5i 19, \u0111\u00f4i m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f4 d\u1eady th\u00ec, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u1edf nang, d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng. Anh ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p qu\u00e1 x\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u00e1i n\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 ng\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m l\u01a1 (h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 li\u1ebfc tr\u1ed9m?). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00f5n n\u01b0\u1eddng, y\u00eau ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y c\u1ee9 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh anh, cho t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u00e2u y\u1ebfm v\u1ed3 v\u1eadp ,cu\u1ed1ng qu\u00edt… V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u201cc\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n gi\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1eaby m\u1ed9t c\u00f2n ba<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea9y ra.
\nC\u00e1i k\u1ef3 th\u00fa do b\u00e0i ca dao n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00ed d\u1ecfm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft n\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch.
\nSau c\u00f9ng, bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ch\u00e2n gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb g\u1eaby, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ta \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i \u00edt m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n t\u1ea3. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u1ea9y ra kia \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i \u00f3c t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta d\u1ef1ng n\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n b\u1ecf d\u1edf.
\n5. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P \u0110\u1eb6T C\u00c1C M\u00c2U THU\u1eaaN C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 V\u1eacT TRONG TH\u1ebe T\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u1ea2N
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ngay c\u00e1i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ec9a mai, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm trong \u0111\u00f3.
\nT.D1.\u00a0\u00a0 –S\u1ed1ng th\u00ec con ch\u1eb3ng cho \u0103n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Ch\u1ebft th\u00ec x\u00f4i th\u1ecbt l\u00e0m v\u0103n t\u1ebf ru\u1ed3i.<\/em>
\nHai c\u00e2u ca dao tr\u00ean m\u1ec9a mai v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a hai s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c:
\n– Khi cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, con \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t (v\u00ec \u1edf trong nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi).
\n– \u0110\u1ebfn khi cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec con l\u1ea1i b\u1ea7y chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e2m cao c\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7y, t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng, r\u00f9m beng c\u1ed1t cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y, ra c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ta \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ebfu t\u1eed.
\nThan \u00f4i, cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n ru\u1ed3i \u0111ang b\u00e2u tr\u00ean m\u00e2m c\u1ed7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng!
\nT.D.2.\u00a0 –Con c\u00f2 ch\u1ebft r\u0169 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00f2 con m\u1edf l\u1ecbch xem ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m ma.<\/em>
\n\u00a0 C\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u la \u0111\u00e0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Chim ri r\u00edu r\u00edt b\u00f2 ra chia ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

\u00a0 Ch\u00e0o m\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Chim ch\u00edch c\u1edfi tr\u1ea7n, v\u00e1c m\u00f5 \u0111i rao.<\/em>
\nB\u00e0i ca dao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00e0i k\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u201cbu\u1ed3n vui\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn phi l\u00fd trong th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta, m\u1ed7i khi trong l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.
\nTrong khi tang ch\u1ee7 \u0111ang \u0111au bu\u1ed3n b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, lo vi\u1ec7c tang ma cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u1eeba n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec ph\u00eda d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1edfn h\u1edf b\u00e1o tin cho nhau, r\u1ee7 r\u00ea nhau \u0111\u1ebfn chia bu\u1ed3n, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec \u00edt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e8 ch\u00e9n th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec theo th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c x\u01b0a, khi cha m\u1eb9 qua \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c con ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft lo c\u1ed7 b\u00e0n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 vong linh, sau h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn chia bu\u1ed3n, ph\u00fang \u0111i\u1ebfu. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00eam gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea7y chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0i b\u1ea1c hay l\u1eadp r\u1ea1p thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1t h\u1ecfng cho h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i bu\u1ed3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u1ea3 vong linh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (?), v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cn\u1ee3 mi\u1ec7ng\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.
\nS\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn tr\u00ean g\u00e2y cho ta n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ee5 cu\u1ed3i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, vui nh\u1ed9n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi ra n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, khi\u1ebfn ta ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi mong c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ,v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n.
\n6-PH\u01af\u01a0NG\u00a0 PH\u00c1P TR\u1ef0C TI\u1ebeP
\n\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng \u00fap m\u1edf, b\u00f3ng gi\u00f3\u00a0 xa x\u00f4i m\u00e0 l\u00f4i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t.
\nT.D.1\u00a0 – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4i<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u0103ng lo\u00e0n.<\/em>
\n– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1eb3ng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>
\n\u00a0 Khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e2y m\u01b0a.<\/em>
\nHai c\u1eadp ca dao tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m l\u00ean \u00e1n b\u1ecdn th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1t x\u1ee9ng, k\u00e9m t\u00e0i thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ng tha ho\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.
\nT.D.2\u00a0 – M\u01b0\u1eddi quan th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u<\/em>
\n\u00a0 N\u0103m quan t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1, ai n\u00e0o thua ai !<\/em>
\nC\u00e2u ca dao n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n mua quan b\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n do b\u1ecdn tham quan \u00f4 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y n\u00ean.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i ca dao \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u00e2u d\u00e2n m\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ca dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vui \u0111\u00f9a n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ca dao tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang hay ca dao ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n r\u1ed3i. B\u00e0i \u201cCon c\u00f2 ch\u1ebft r\u0169 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca dao ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN.<\/strong>
\nSau ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i chung, ca dao tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ca dao tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, do ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c, ch\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t, tuy v\u1eady ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh, g\u1ee3i thanh, g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i s\u1eafc, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc; b\u1edfi v\u1eady, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ta (v\u0103n vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eef n\u00f4m) t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u00fd, t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh, t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u, gieo v\u1ea7n (v\u1ea7n l\u01b0ng).
\nV\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mai m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u1ed3 \u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n vi\u1ebft (v\u0103n n\u00f4m, v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef theo m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 la tinh) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u00e2p trong qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng th\u00eam r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.
\n\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec ca dao tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. \u00c2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec x\u01b0a nay, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ea5p c\u1ed5 b\u00e9 mi\u1ec7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O
\nB\u00f9i M\u1ea1nh Nh\u1ecb. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian. Nxb S\u1edf Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c An Giang, 1988
\nB\u1ea3o \u00d0\u1ecbnh Giang – Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t – Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ea5n V\u0129nh – B\u00f9i M\u1ea1nh Nh\u1ecb. Ca dao d\u00e2n ca Nam B\u1ed9, 1984
\nDo\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o xb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1965
\n\u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn. Gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. B\u00e1o Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n, s\u1ed1 38, Cali, 1995
\n\u0110inh Ti\u1ebfp. H\u00e1t \u0111\u00fam H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. Nxb H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng.
\nHo\u00e0ng Ti\u1ebfn T\u1ef1u. B\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng Ca Dao. Nxb Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1992
\nHo\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hanh. T\u1eeb l\u00e1y trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Nxb Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1989.
\nNguy\u1ec5n H\u01b0ng Qu\u1ed1c. Ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u01a1. Nxb V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, Cali, 1989
\nNguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u1ecdc. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef phong dao. NxbM\u1ed9c L\u00e2m, Saigon, 1967
\nThu\u1ea7n Phong. Chinh Ph\u1ee5 Ng\u00e2m Kh\u00fac Gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn. Nxb \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, 1950
\nV\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef ca dao d\u00e2n ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y V\u0103n H\u1ecdc 1992.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Xin ghi r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n ( tr\u00edch t\u1eeb blog Ho\u00e0ng Lan Chi ) G.S. PH\u1ea0M TH\u1eca NHUNG Ca dao thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f4m na, … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phm-th-nhung"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/s1DQbJ-788","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=788"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8891,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788\/revisions\/8891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hoanglanchi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}